Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from the southern South American Transition Zone and boundaries: taxonomic overview with four new species Author Cherman, Mariana A. Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. & Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060 - 900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Author Basílio, Daniel S. Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Author Mise, Kleber M. Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Author Frisch, Johannes Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany Author Smith, Andrew B. T. 0000-0002-8059-5133 Research Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, P. O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada. asmith @ nature. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8059 - 5133 asmith@nature.ca Author Almeida, Lúcia M. Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. text Zootaxa 2020 2020-12-18 4896 1 46 84 journal article 9237 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.1.2 d7dbbc1f-416c-4365-a32b-a9618e6c1fe9 1175-5326 4359172 92DECB9B-36F8-45D8-8F3A-AF91A3B73FE8 Identification key to Liogenys from the southern South American Transition Zone and boundaries * *Note on dimorphism: Males have protarsi and mesotarsi flat (wide or not) and females have all tarsi cylindrical. 1. Length of antennal club two times longer than the funicle or almost so ( Fig. 10D ); head, pronotum, and scutellum dark purplish brown, elytra yellow ( Fig. 10A ); elytra glabrous; metatibia with inner margin not carinate in both sexes........................................................................................... Liogenys xanthocera Harold, 1869 - Length of antennal club as long as or slightly longer than funicle; head, pronotum, scutellum, and elytra unicolored, yellow or light brown, elytra sometimes slightly lighter in color than pronotum; elytra glabrous or with bristles; male with metatibia weakly or strongly carinate toward apex....................................................................2 2. Head more coarsely punctate than pronotum ( Fig. 8B ); pronotum wider than elytra at its humeral callus; galea with a single, long, hook-like tooth ( Fig. 13G ); antenna with 9 antennomeres; elytra with bristles............................................................................................... Liogenys maxillaricuspis Cherman , new species - Head as punctate as or less coarsely punctate than pronotum; pronotum as wide as or slightly narrower than elytra at its humeral callus; galea with four or five teeth ( Fig. 13E ), the superior tooth slightly larger than the other teeth; antenna with 9–10 antennomeres; elytra glabrous or with bristles................................................................... 3 3. Pygidium longer than wide ( Fig. 1E ) and always with bristles.................................................. 4 - Pygidium as wide as or wider than long, glabrous or with bristles................................................6 4. Antenna with 10 antennomeres; body length up to 8.5 mm ; clypeus emargination in general deep, eventually shallow, narrower than the distance between eyes in both sexes; protibia with three teeth in both sexes; males with inner margin of metatibia carinate towards apex or not................................................................................ 5 - Antenna with 9 antennomeres; body length more than 8.5 mm ; clypeus emargination noticeably shallow, females with emargination narrower than the distance between eyes, males with emargination as wide as the distance between eyes ( Fig. 4F ); protibia in males with two teeth and in females with three teeth; males with inner margin of metatibia carinate......................................................................................... Liogenys flavida Moser, 1918 5. Head as wide as or narrower than posterior margin of pronotum ( Fig. 9C ); clypeus as long as frons; vertex finely to coarsely punctate; males with inner margin of metatibia carinate straight towards apex; protarsi noticeably enlarged, protarsomere II wider than long.............................................................. Liogenys rufoflava Moser, 1918 - Head distinctly wider than posterior margin of pronotum ( Fig. 1B ); clypeus noticeably shorter than frons; vertex smooth ( Fig. 1B ); males with inner margin of metatibia not carinate; protarsi slightly enlarged, protarsomere II longer than wide..................................................................... Liogenys brachyclypeata Cherman , new species 6. Elytra and pygidium glabrous; males with inner margin of metatibia carinate towards apex; protarsomere II noticeably wider than long; apex of parameres lanceolate in a single plane ( Figs. 3F , 9F )................... Liogenys flaveola Moser, 1924 - Elytra and pygidium with bristles; males with inner margin of metatibia weakly or not carinate, if carinate, carina never reaching the apex; protarsomere II as long as or longer than wide; apex of parameres lanceolate or not, if lanceolate, never in a single plane ( Figs. 2F , 5F , 7F )................................................................................. 7 7. Elytra dull yellow, never pruinose or if so, not uniformly, pronotum unicolored with elytra; males with metatibial transverse carinae incomplete ( Fig. 6E ).............................................................................8 - Elytra light brown, uniformly pruinose, pronotum dark brown, darker than elytra; metatibia with one or two transverse carinae complete in both sexes ( Fig. 5D .......................................................................... 9 8. Clypeal lateral margin with a blunt projection ( Fig. 2D ), convex; clypeal teeth well developed in both sexes, teeth acute; protibia with three teeth in both sexes; males with protarsomere and mesotarsomere II equally wide; spurs of metatibia uneven in shape ( Fig. 2E )................................................................ Liogenys calcarata Frey, 1970 - Clypeal lateral margin not produced, straight or concave, clypeal teeth well developed only in males, teeth broad; protibia in males with two teeth and in females with three teeth; males with protarsomere II noticeably wider than mesotarsomere II; spurs of metatibia even in shape ( Fig. 6C ).................................. Liogenys lucialmeidae Cherman , new species 9. Elytra shiny or semiopaque, never pruinose; ventrites and pygidium with few bristles; males with two protibial teeth and females with three teeth.......................................................... Liogenys kuntzeni Moser, 1921 - Elytra opaque, noticeably pruinose ( Fig. 7E ); ventrites and pygidium with thick, scale-like bristles; both sexes with three protibial teeth........................................................ .. Liogenys martinezi Cherman , new species