Trichoderma changiae (Hypocreales), a new species isolated from a native orchid in Taiwan Author Wei, Yu-Hui 0009-0007-6011-6098 Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research & Development Institute (FIRDI), No. 331, Shih-Pin Road, Hsinchu 300193, Taiwan, R. O. C. wyh@firdi.org.tw Author Tzean, Shean-Shong 0000-0002-2419-8280 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C. sst@ntu.edu.tw Author Hsieh, Sung-Yuan 0000-0002-5670-1426 Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research & Development Institute (FIRDI), No. 331, Shih-Pin Road, Hsinchu 300193, Taiwan, R. O. C. syh@firdi.org.tw text Phytotaxa 2024 2024-07-05 658 3 261 270 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.658.3.4 journal article 302147 10.11646/phytotaxa.658.3.4 5bbadbcc-b01d-42ac-ad33-a86c2ea84389 1179-3163 13217714 Trichoderma changiae Y.-H. Wei & S.-S. Tzean, sp. nov. ( Figure 2 ) Mycobank MB851996 Gene sequences (ex-holotype): (ITS) PP265989; ( rpb2 ) PP273695; ( tef-1 ) PP273697. Etymology: The specific epithet “ changiae ” is in honor of Professor Doris C.-N. Chang for her contributions to study on cultivation improvement and tissue culture approaches of Orchidaceae , as well as mycorrhizal fungi collection and application of Taiwan native orchids. Holotype : TAIWAN . Pingtung County , Chunri Township , Tahan Forest Road , endophytic in living root of wild orchid ( Dendrobium nakaharae ), 9 Sep. 2005 , leg. W .- M . Lin, J .- C . Li & S .- F . Cheng , Type BCRC 24 F0002 , stored in a metabolically inactive state (in deep-frozen vial) in the Bioresource Collection and Research Center of the Food Industry Research & Development Institute , Hsinchu, Taiwan. Description: On CMD after 72 h, colony radius 37–44 mm at 20 ℃, 42–50 mm at 25 ℃, and 19–30 mm at 30 ℃. After 7 days at 25 ℃, colony hyaline and thin, radial, mycelium loose. Conidial pustules greyish green to dark green (29E4–F7), spreading more abundant with distance from the original inoculum. No distinct odor. No diffusing pigment noted. On PDA after 72 h, colony radius 37–42 mm at 20 ℃, 43–47 mm at 25 ℃, and 28–36 mm at 30 ℃. After 7 days at 25 ℃, colony radial, indistinctly zonate, mycelium dense, and floccose in texture; conidiation staring on and around the plug, white at first, then turning yellow grey to greyish yellow (2B2–5) and greyish green to dark green (29E5–F6). No distinct odor. No diffusing pigment noted. On SNA after 72 h, colony radius 26–32 mm at 20 ℃, 26–36 mm at 25 ℃, and 11–22 mm at 30 ℃. After 7 days at 25 ℃, colony hyaline, mycelium sparse, obscurely zonate. Conidiation starting after 2 days, then formed in pustules, firstly white and turning dull green to dark green (29E3–F4), dispersedly distributed in inconspicuous concentric rings. No diffusing pigment. No distinct odor. Conidiophores variably curved to sinuous extension, solitary or in whorls of 2–3 branches. Phialides lageniform, cylindrical, occasionally ampulliform, typically hooked or sinuous, sometimes straight to slightly curved, singly or in whorls of 2–4, (5.1–)6.0–12.4(–18.7) × (1.6–)2.1–2.8(–3.2) µm, l/w ratio (1.9–)2.1–5.8(–10.4), (1.3–)1.7–2.2(–2.5) µm wide at the base. Conidia globose, rough, green in mass, (2.9–)3.0– 4.3(–4.6) × (2.8–)3.0–3.8(–4.2) μm, l/w ratio 1.0–1.1(–1.2). C hlamydospores rare, globose, 8.7–11.1 × 8.8–11.9 μm. Additional strain examined: TAIWAN . Pingtung County , Chunri Township, Tahan Forest Road, isolated from root of wild orchid ( Dendrobium nakaharae ), 9 Sep. 2005 , leg. W.-M. Lin, J.-C. Li & S.-F. Cheng, BCRC 24F0007. Notes: Phylogenetically, T. changiae is closest to T. viride . Morphologically, T. changiae resembles T. viride in the branching pattern of conidiophores, as well as in conidial and phialidal shape. However, T. changiae differs from T. viride in producing smaller conidia (2.9–4.6 × 2.8–4.2 vs. 3.5–5.5 × 2.8–5.0) and exhibiting a faster growth rate on PDA. Furthermore, a more comprehensive comparison of morphological characteristics between T. changiae and its related species is shown in Table 2 .