Diversity of the genus Tmarus Simon, 1875 from Xiaolong Mountains in western China (Araneae: Thomisidae) Author Zhang, Rui 0000-0001-6937-6434 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China & 15531220981 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6937 - 6434 Author Zhang, Feng 0000-0002-3347-1031 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China & dudu 06042001 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3347 - 1031 text Zootaxa 2023 2023-06-08 5301 1 75 93 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.1.3 journal article 54602 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.1.3 c23a50a4-ed4c-4acc-8265-42b51c1a1330 1175-5326 8027829 1A5F53A2-09C3-467F-9831-A9B99071BF6D Tmarus taibaiensis Song & Wang, 1994 Figs 43–50 Tmarus taibaiensis Song & Wang, 1994: 47 , figs 2A–D. Song & Zhu 1997: 55 , figs 31A–B; Song, Zhu & Chen 1999: 500 , fig. 284N. Material examined. CHINA : Gansu : 1♁ 4♀ , Wushan County , Longtai Town , Shangheyu Village , 34°32′5″N , 104°51′13″E , 2201m , 22 August 2021 , Rui Zhang leg. ; 3♁ 5♀ , Wushan County , Yanan Town , Woniu Mountain Forest Park , 34°28′31″N , 104°50′2″E , 2552m , 27 June 2022 , Zhaoyi Li leg. Diagnosis. Males of this species resemble those of T. piger Walckenaer, 1802 ( Song & Zhu 1997: 51 , figs 28C–D) in having RTA curved dorsally, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following combination of characters: (1) embolus slim (vs. thick in T. piger ); (2) embolus arising from tegulum at 11 to 12-o’clock-position (vs. 12 to 13-o’clock-position in T. piger ); (3) tibia with three apophyses (vs. two apophyses in T. piger ). Females of T. taibaiensis are also similar to those of T. piger in having a broad atrium, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: (1) copulatory ducts tube-shaped (vs. swollen in T. piger ); (2) spermathecae large, ca. 1/3 of vulva width (vs. small, 1/4 width of vulva in T. piger ). FIGURES 30–33. Tmarus rimosus Paik, 1973 . 30–31 Female habitus (30 dorsal, 31 ventral); 32 Epigynum, ventral view; 33 Vulva, dorsal view. A = atrium; CO = copulatory opening; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca. FIGURES 34–38. Tmarus subqinlingensis sp. nov. 35–36 Male habitus (35 dorsal, 36 ventral); 34, 37–38 Female habitus (34 lateral, 37 dorsal, 38 ventral). FIGURES 39–42. Tmarus subqinlingensis sp. nov. 39–40 Left male palp (39 ventral, 40 retrolateral); 41 Epigynum, ventral view; 42 Vulva, dorsal view. A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; H = hood; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; VTA = ventral tibial apophysis. FIGURES 43–46. Tmarus taibaiensis Song & Wang, 1994 . 43–44 Male habitus (43 dorsal, 44 ventral); 45–46 Female habitus (45 dorsal, 46 ventral). FIGURES 47–50. Tmarus taibaiensis Song & Wang, 1994 . 47–48 Left male palp (47 ventral, 48 retrolateral); 49 Epigynum, ventral view; 50 Vulva, dorsal view. A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; ITA = intermedial tibial apophysis; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; T = tegulum; VTA = ventral tibial apophysis. Redescription. Male: Total length 3.90. Prosoma 1.69 long, 1.66 wide; opisthosoma 2.27 long, 1.45 wide. Middle longitudinal band of carapace yellowish, 1/4 of dorsal carapace width. Two black triangular patches at the end of carapace. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.17, PME 0.06, PLE 0.13, AME–AME 0.14, AME–ALE 0.15, PME–PME 0.23, PME–PLE 0.30 AME–PME 0.30, ALE–PLE 0.29. MOA 0.32 long, front width 0.15, back width 0.24. Leg measurements: I 7.10 (1.83, 0.73, 2.04, 1.47, 1.03); II 7.32 (1.92, 0.72, 2.02, 1.75, 0.91); III 4.41 (1.24, 0.47, 1.22, 0.91, 0.57); IV 4.64 (1.42, 0.49, 1.20, 0.99, 0.54). Leg formula: 2143. Abdomen greyish brown dorsally, white centrally. Palp ( Figs 47–48 ). VTA finger-like, apex slightly curved; RTA with thin apex, extending straight dorsally; ITA longer than VTA, bending outwards. Tegulum flat; embolus slender, originating about ~ 11 o’clock position, terminating about ~ 4 o’clock position. FIGURES 51–54. Tmarus zhui Sherwood & Li, 2021 . 51–52 Female habitus (51 dorsal, 52 ventral); 53 Epigynum, ventral view; 54 Vulva, dorsal view. A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; H = hood; S = spermatheca. Female: total length 5.54. Prosoma 1.64 long, 1.70 wide; opisthosoma 3.90 long, 3.01 wide. Carapace brown, length almost equal to width, and covered with seta. A longitudinal band in the center of the carapace, ca. 1/4 of carapace width. Two black triangular patches along the posterior margin. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.15, PME 0.08, PLE 0.12, AME–AME 0.17, AME–ALE 0.16, PME–PME 0.27, PME–PLE 0.36, AME–PME 0.29, ALE–PLE 0.27. MOA 0.30 long, front width 0.29, back width 0.43. The sternum with many small black spots. Abdomen pale with many small black spots, dorsally bright greyish in the centre, dark greyish on the sides. Posteriorly with three symmetrical transverse stripes. Leg measurements: I 5.84 (1.72, 0.77, 1.46, 1.12, 0.77); II 5.76 (1.83, 0.83, 1.49, 1.19, 0.72); III 4.19 (1.30, 0.61, 1.01, 0.68, 0.62); IV 4.24 (1.48, 0.53, 0.96, 0.74, 0.53). Leg formula: 1243. Epigyne ( Figs 49, 50 ). Atrium wide, located at anterior portion of epigynal plate, with delimited margin anteriorly and laterally, length is slightly longer than width. Hood absent. Copulatory openings located at basolateral atrial borders, widely separated. Copulatory ducts short, thick and longitudinal. Spermatheca globular, large, ca. 1/3 of vulva width; fertilization ducts short, acicular. Distribution. China ( Gansu , Shaanxi ). Habitat as in Figs 7, 9 . Remark. We provide the first description of the female of T taibaiensi s. Both males and females were collected in the same locality. We matched both sexes based on morphology of the male and female (newly collected females have general appearance as males, Figs 43–46 ), and DNA barcoding data (the genetic distance between the male and female voucher specimens was 1.51%).