Pelogeniinae Chamberlin, 1919 (Annelida, Sigalionidae) from the Grand Caribbean Region Author Cruz-Gómez, Christopher A4E562E1-286B-499E-B324-1E480672FD85 Departamento de Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, 77014, Mexico. christopher.cruz-gomez@hotmail.com text European Journal of Taxonomy 2022 2022-04-01 807 1 59 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.807.1717 journal article 54099 10.5852/ejt.2022.807.1717 e5917c1e-b93d-4ffe-882e-8fcc8cdcbfc4 2118-9773 6419306 67DAF0D7-9D9F-4F0F-8004-9CCE0071BF33 Psammolyce flava Kinberg, 1856 Figs 23–24 Psammolyce flava Kinberg, 1856: 388 Psammolyce flava – Kinberg 1858: 31 , pl. 9 fig. 44, pl. 10 fig. 65. — Pettibone 1997: 4 , figs 1–3 (syn., redescr.). Material examined MEXICO • 1 incomplete spec .; Yucatán shelf; 23°04′ N , 89°56′ W ; O/V Justo Sierra; depth 215 m ; 27 Nov. 2012 ; Sara B. Balam leg.; ECOSUR-P3231 . UNITED STATES OF AMERICA • 1 incomplete spec ., 43 segments, 1.7 cm long, 1.1 cm to segment 30, 0.6 cm wide; Florida ; 26°15′ N , 78°48′ W ; R/V Gerda, Stn 927; depth 476 m ; 29 Sep. 1967 ; UMML 6720-927 . VENEZUELA • 1 incomplete spec ., 45 segments, 2.4 cm long, 1.5 cm to segment 30, 0.6 cm wide; off Los Rayitos Beach ; 10°55′ N , 66°18′ W ; R/V Pillsbury, Stn 739; depth 257 m ; 23 Jul. 1968 ; UMML 6806-739 . Description (non-type specimen ECOSUR-P3231) BODY. Pale orange, long, broad ( Fig. 23A ); 89 segments, 9 cm long, 1.8 cm to segment 30, 0.9 cm wide. Middorsal line visible, not covered with foreign particles ( Fig. 23E–F ). Venter partially covered only with globular papillae ( Fig. 23G ). PROSTOMIUM. Spherical. Two pairs of eyes, anterior eyes larger, inserted antero-ventrally. Lateral antennae short, slender, with short bulbous ceratophores, styles shorter, dorsally fused with tentacular segment, partially covered by median antennal ceratophore ( Fig. 23D ). Median antenna with bulbous ceratophore, twice as long as prostomium, with transverse ridges; style slender, long, 6× as long as ceratophore. Middorsal lobe of segment II absent. First segment directed anteriorly; fused with tentacular segment; biramous, chaetae simple verticillate. Dorsal tentacular cirri missing, ventral cirrus 2 × as long as neuropodia length; right palp lost, left palp long, reaching segment seven; with inner palpal sheath ( Fig. 23C ). ELYTRA. First anterior elytra missing, posterior elytra oval with one medial process and two lateral processes ( Fig. 24D ), elytral surface with flat and pedunculate globular papillae, elytral margin with short or long dendritic papillae ( Fig. 24H–K ). RIGHT PARAPODIUM FROM SEGMENT II ( Fig. 23H ). Notopodia conical, papillated, short, half as long as neuropodia, notopodial flange leaf-shaped. With up to 150 simple verticillate notochaetae, shortest ones ⅓ as long as notopodia, longest ones 4 × as long ( Fig. 23I ). Neuropodia conical, papillate, larger than notopodia; with a distal slender appendage, shorter than neuropodia. Neurochaetae only falcigers; all blades bifurcate, unit A with falcate tips: unit A, four falcigers with handles slender with 6 transverse rows of spines, blades long, 24 × as long as wide ( Fig. 23J ); unit B, two falcigers with handles thick with 6 transverse rows of spines, blades long, 28× as long as wide ( Fig. 23K ); unit C, four falcigers with handles slender with 9 transverse rows of spines, blades long, 28–30 × as long as wide ( Fig. 23L ); unit D, eight falcigers with handles slender with 7–8 transverse rows of spines, blades long, 27–30× as long as wide ( Fig. 23M ). RIGHT PARAPODIUM FROM SEGMENT III ( Fig. 23N ). Notopodia conical, papillate, short, ⅓ as long as neuropodia; notopodial flange leaf-shaped, papillate. With up to 100 simple verticillate notochaetae, tips hooked, shortest ones half as long as notopodia, longest ones 4 × as long as notopodia ( Fig. 23O ). Neuropodia truncated, papillate, larger than notopodia. Neurochaetae only falcigers; all blades bifurcate: unit A, five falcigers with handles thick with transverse rows of denticles, blades long, 11–12 × as long as wide ( Fig. 23P ); unit B, two neurochaetae with handle thick with 1–2 transverse rows of spines and subdistal transverse rows of denticles, blades lost ( Fig. 23Q ); unit C, five falcigers with handles slender with subdistal transverse rows of denticles, blades long, 25–26 × as long as wide ( Fig. 23R ); unit D, 35 falcigers with handles slender, smooth, blade long, 38–40× as long as wide ( Fig. 23S ). Fig. 23. Psammolyce flava Kinberg, 1856 , non-type specimen (UMML 6720-927). A . Incomplete fragmented worm, dorsal view. B . Anterior end, dorsal view. C . Anterior end, ventral view. D . Detail of anterior end, arrowhead indicates lateral antennae. E . Dorsal papillae on anterior end. F . Dorsal papillae on middle region; arrowhead indicates right lateral antenna. G . Ventral papillae. H . Right parapodium from segment II, arrowhead indicates neuropodial appendage. I . Notochaeta from same. J . Unit A. K . Unit B. L . Unit C. M . Unit D. N . Right parapodium from segment III. O . Notochaeta from same. P . Unit A. Q . Unit B, blade missing. R . Unit C. S . Unit D. T . Right parapodium from segment 23. U . Notochaeta from same. V . Unit A. W . Unit B. X . Unit C. Y . Subunit 1. Z . Unit D. Scale bars: A = 1 cm ; B–C = 2 mm ; D, H, N, T = 500 μm; E–G = 100 µm; I, O, U = 40 μm; J–M, P–S, V –Z = 50 μm. Fig. 24. Psammolyce flava Kinbergi, 1856 , non-type material (UMML 6720-927). A–C, E–G, J–K. SEM micrographs. A . Right parapodium from segment 30. B . Parapodium from segment 31, neurochaetae removed, dorsal view. C . Notochaetae from A. D . Posterior elytron. E . Unit D from A. F . Insertion of blade on the handle, arrow indicates ligament. G . Ventral view of unit A from A. H . Surface of posterior elytron. I . Medial process of posterior elytron. J . Surface of posterior elytron, globular papillae. K . Surface of posterior elytron, dendritic papillae. Abbreviations: a = anterior; p = posterior. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C, G = 20 μm; D = 1 mm ; E, J–K = 50 μm; F = 10 μm; H–I = 300 μm. RIGHT PARAPODIUM FROM SEGMENT 23 (MIDDLE SEGMENT) ( Figs 23T , 24A–B ). Notopodia truncated, papillate, short, ⅓ as long as neuropodia. With up to 80 simple verticillate notochaetae, shortest ones 3× as long as notopodia, longest ones 5× as long ( Figs 23U , 24C ). Neuropodia truncated, papillate, larger than notopodia. Neurochaetae only falcigers; all blades bifurcate: Unit A, three falcigers with handles thick with subdistal transverse rows of denticles, blades medium-sized, 8–10× as long as wide ( Fig. 23V ); unit B, four falcigers with handles thick with subdistal transverse grooves, blades long, 11–12× as long as wide ( Figs 23W , 24G ); unit C, seven falcigers with handles slender with subdistal transverse rows of denticles, blades medium-sized, 9–10× as long as wide ( Fig. 23X ); subunit 1, three falcigers with handles thick with subdistal transverse rows of denticles, blades long, 12–13× as long as wide ( Fig. 23Y ); unit D, five falcigers with handles slender with subdistal transverse rows of denticles, blades long, 15–16 × as long as wide ( Figs 23Z , 24E–F ). POSTERIOR REGION. Lost. Remarks The original description of P. flava was based on a specimen from Rio de Janeiro and consisted of four lines ( Kinberg 1856 ); later, the description was completed with illustrations, including of the jaws ( Kinberg 1858 ). Hartman (1942a) redescribed the species with specimens from Puerto Rico , and, in the same paper, she suggested that Eupholoe acuminata Treadwell, 1934 should be regarded as a junior synonym of P. flava , she did, however, not study its type material. Subsequently, Pettibone (1997) redescribed P. flava using type and non-type material and kept E. acuminata as a synonym. The holotype of P. flava is from Rio de Janeiro, and the holotype of E. acuminata is from off N British Virgin Islands , indicating that this species has an apparent wide distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. Pettibone (1997) pointed out that the holotype is very damaged.