The genus Ramalina Acharius (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ramalinaceae) in northern South America Author Marcano, Vicente Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva y Organismos Extremos, Grupo de Ciencias Atmosféricas y el Espacio, Author Méndez, Antonio Morales 0000-0002-5923-881X Instituto de Investigaciones, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; lostopes @ yahoo. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5923 - 881 X lostopes@yahoo.es Author Prü, Ernesto Palacios text Phytotaxa 2021 2021-05-26 504 1 1 77 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.504.1.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.504.1.1 1179-3163 5425194 44. Ramalina subfraxinea var. confirmata (Nylander) N. Stevens Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 16: 205 (1987) . – Ramalina fraxinea subsp. confirmata Nylander, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie II , 4: 138 (1870) . Type :― AUSTRALIA . Swan River : 1846, Verreaux s.n. ( lectotype H–NYL! 37423). Chemistry (TLC, HPTLC): Cryptochlorophaeic and 4’– O –methylcryptochlorophaeic acids (+/–). Ecology and distribution : This species is found growing on exposed branches of trees and bushes in rainforests, asociated with R. dictyota and R. pusiola at 900–1400 m . It is known from Australia , New Caledonia , Timor ( Zanzibar ) and South America ( Venezuela ). Remarks : In northern South America this varieties is only known from the Venezuelan Andes ( Fig. 5 ). The morphological and chemical characters of this varieties have been described in detail by Morales & Marcano (1994). Stevens (1987) reported the presence of minor quantities of paludosic acid in specimens from Australia . Specimens examined : VENEZUELA : Mérida : Hacienda Los Topes , near Chiguará , 1300–1400 m , 12 February 1984 , A. Morales 93 (B); Los Topes , San Juanito , Chiguará , 1200 m , A. Morales 93–b; 900 m , A. Morales 450, 451 ( MERF ) .