Identification guide to the shallow water (0 - 200 m) octocorals of the South Atlantic Bight 2599 Author Devictor, Susan T. Author Morton, Steve L. text Zootaxa 2010 2010-08-31 2599 1 1 62 https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2599.1.1 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.2599.1.1 1175­5334 10095192 Growth form musiva Studer, 1878 Scleranthelia musiva Studer, 1878:634 ; Plate 1 fig. 4 Scleranthelia rugosa growth form musiva Bayer, 1981b:895 ; Fig. 5c, d . Material examined. USNM 55450 , 70– 95 m , SE of Charleston , SC, July 28, 1964 . FIGURE 28. Scleranthelia rugosa : A, plate sclerite of var. musiva (USNM 54586) (scale bar = 0.1 mm); B, calyx of var. musiva (USNM 55107) (scale bar = 0.5 mm); C, var. rugosa showing ribbon-like stolons (USNM 94534, preserved specimen); D, var. rugosa , close up of calyx, showing stolon and plate sclerites; E, var. musiva , showing sheet-like stolons (USNM 55540, preserved specimen). A and B SEM images by F.M. Bayer/Smithsonian Institution. Remarks. This octocoral is the only encrusting species recorded in the SAB. The two growth forms of Scleranthelia rugosa differ mainly in the expanse of the stolon between calyces. Growth form rugosa resembles a “network” of individual calyces interconnected by band-like stolons (up to 2 mm in width), whereas form musiva may encrust dead octocoral axes, shells or substrate with more sheet-like coenenchyme. Both forms have colorless sclerites mainly in the form of large (up to 1 mm ) flat plates that fit closely together in mosaic fashion, and somewhat cylindrical calyces that widen near the base, taking the shape of a cone. Thorny stars and rods are present in the anthocodiae. The rugosa specimen examined for this work was encrusted on a dark rock which made the translucent white coenenchyme very visible, but the musiva specimen was encrusted on a piece of pale shell hash and was well camouflaged. Bayer (1981b) did not recognize these two forms as separate species but they are cataloged in the USNM as such. This species is probably not found within typical SCUBA diving limits. The S. rugosa growth form rugosa specimen examined for this work was collected via manned submersible. Atlantic distribution: form rugosa — South Carolina to Martinique, Guyana , 100–550 m ; form musiva — New York to Guyana , Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, 70–300 m ( type recorded off Havana at 493 m ) ( Deichmann, 1936 ; Bayer, 1981b ; NMNH records).