The ‘ red-tailed’ Lasioglossum (Dialictus) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) of the western Nearctic Author Gardner, Joel AA15FE6E-921A-46D6-BC67-88E067F283D9 Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, 12 Dafoe Rd., Winnipeg, Manitoba, R 3 T 2 N 2, Canada. clickbeetle3364@gmail.com Author Gibbs, Jason BA42A49F-3EBC-4679-8F03-A58E798106B1 Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, 12 Dafoe Rd., Winnipeg, Manitoba, R 3 T 2 N 2, Canada. jason.gibbs@umanitoba.ca text European Journal of Taxonomy 2020 2020-11-27 725 1 242 journal article 9466 10.5852/ejt.2020.725.1167 9e062836-3946-4ac6-8910-304cadff0d4b 4298139 89FA8DDF-F4B9-417A-A5AF-B2BC9660E024 Lasioglossum ( Dialictus ) julipile sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A8597CBD-1211-418D-99EE-1741EDB814E9 Figs 46– 48 , 90E , 94C , 117B Diagnosis Females of Lasioglossum julipile sp. nov. can be recognized by the characters for the Lasioglossum clematisellum species complex (below), in addition to most of the body with very extensive, dense tomentum, and scutum with densely plumose hair. They are most similar to L . pallidellum , L . clavicorne sp. nov. , and L . clastipedion sp. nov. Females of L . pallidellum have the metapostnotum rounded with rugae not reaching the posterior margin. Females of L . clavicorne sp. nov. have the scutum with numerous thin and weakly plumose hairs and are larger ( 5 mm ). Females of L . clastipedion sp. nov. have the head and mesosoma slightly duller and more densely punctate (i ≤ 2 pd). Males of L . julipile sp. nov. can be recognized by the characters for the Lasioglossum clematisellum species complex (below), in addition to the frons with distinctly separated punctures (i ≤ 1 pd), propodeum lateral face rugulose, T2–4 with basolateral tomentum, and mesosoma with all hair densely plumose, appearing thickened. They are most similar to L . clematisellum , L . perditum sp. nov. , and L . clastipedion sp. nov. Males of L . clematisellum and L . clastipedion sp. nov. have the frons slightly duller and more densely punctate (i <1 pd). Males of L . clematisellum also have the scutum with most hairs weakly plumose and T2–4 without basolateral tomentum. Males of L . perditum sp. nov. have the frons more sparsely punctate (i=1–3 pd) and propodeum lateral face smooth and tessellate. Etymology The specific epithet julipile is formed from the Latin noun ‘ iulus ’ (‘catkin’) and the adjective ‘ pile ’ (‘haired’). It refers to the densely plumose hair of this species, which resembles willow catkins. An appropriate translation would be the catkin-haired sweat bee. Material examined Holotype UNITED STATES – Arizona • ♀ ; Cochise Co. , Junction of Moonlight and Blue Sky Roads ; 32.2376° N , 109.731° W ; 16 Sep. 2012 ; T.L. Griswold leg.; ex Wislizenia refracta ; BBSL. [Verbatim label: USA :AZ Cochise Co. Junction of Moonlight & Blue Sky Roads S109.7310 E32.2376 16 Sep 2012 T.L. Griswold Wislizenia refracta / BBSL1028260 // BOLD / gard0113-AZ / DLIII157-19 // HOLOTYPE / Lasioglossum ( Dialictus ) julipile Gardner and Gibbs ] Paratypes MEXICO – Chihuahua • 1♀ ; 12 mi. S of Samalayuca ; [ 31.11° N , 106.48°W ]; 10 Jul.1964 ; J. Powell leg.; ex Yucca ; EMEC • 3 ♀♀ ; Villa Ahumada ; [ 30.6° N , 106.5° W ]; 1128 m a.s.l. ; 28 Jul. 1953 ; SEMC . UNITED STATES – Arizona • 7 ♀♀ ; Cochise Co. , 1 mi. S of Willcox ; [ 32.23° N , 109.83° W ]; 7 Aug. 1978 ; R.W. Brooks leg.; ex Wislizenia refracta ; SEMC • 1 ♀ ; Cochise Co. , 6 mi. S of Willcox ; [ 32.16° N , 109.83° W ]; 23 Aug. 1986 ; R.J. McGinley and B.M. Norden leg.; USNM • 3 ♀♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; BBSL • 3 ♀♀ ; Cochise Co. , Willcox ; [ 32.25° N , 109.83° W ]; 19 Jun. 1969 ; R.M. Bohart leg.; UCDC • 6 ♀♀ ; Cochise Co. , 3.45 mi. SEbE of Willcox ; 32.2262° N , 109.7822° W ; 1273 m a.s.l.; 1 Sep. 2009 ; T.L. Griswold leg.; BBSL • 1 ♀ ; Snowflake ; [ 34.51° N , 110.08° W ]; 25 Jul. 1956 ; Butler and Gerhardt leg.; UAIC • 1 ♀ ; same location as for preceding; 25 Jul. 1956 ; Butler and Gerhardt leg.; ex Medicago sativa ; UAIC . – New Mexico • 2 ♀♀ ; Hidalgo Co. , 2 mi. N of Rodeo ; [ 31.86° N , 109.03° W ]; 1256 m a.s.l.; 31 Jul. 1988 ; S. Lajeunesse leg.; MTEC • 28 ♀♀ , 2 ♂♂ ; Hidalgo Co. , 9 mi. N of Cotton City ; [ 32.21° N , 108.88° W ]; 11 Aug. 1978 ; R.W. Brooks leg.; ex Wislizenia refracta ; SEMC • 1 ♀ ; Hidalgo Co. , Antelope Corral , 6 mi. N of Rodeo ; 31.9167–31.9333° N, 109– 109.0166° W; 1231 m a.s.l.; 25 Jun. 1984 ; H.A. Hespenheide leg.; ex Artemisia / Atriplex ; LACM • 1 ♀ ; Hidalgo Co. , Rodeo ; [ 31.84° N , 109.03° W ]; 18 Jun. 1969 ; R.M. Bohart leg.; UCDC • 4 ♀♀ ; Hidalgo Co. , Rodeo vicinity ; [ 31.84° N , 109.03° W ]; 11 Jun. 1987 ; B.N. Danforth leg.; ex Cirsium ; SEMC • 1 ♂ ; Socorro Co. , Bosque del Apache ; [ 33.8° N , 106.89° W ]; 15 Jul. 1991 ; Ilan Yarom leg.; SEMC • 1 ♀ ; Socorro Co. , Rio Salado , 5 mi. W of Interstate 25 ; [ 33.6° N , 107.1° W ]; 12 Jul. 1977 ; W. Rubink leg.; CSUC • 3 ♀♀ ; 7 mi. E of Grants ; [ 35.14° N , 107.73° W ]; 23 May 1945 ; Cockerell leg.; ex Fallugia paradoxa ; UCRC • 1 ♀ ; same location as for preceding; 23 May 1945 ; W.P. Cockerell leg.; ex Fallugia paradoxa ; UCRC • 2 ♀♀ ; Bernalillo ; [ 35.3° N , 106.55° W ]; 23 Jul. 1950 ; R.H. Beamer leg.; ex Solanum ; SEMC • 1 ♀ ; Clovis ; [ 34.41° N , 103.21° W ]; 24 Jun. 1964 ; Gerald and L. Nielsen leg.; NMSU • 1 ♂ ; La Joya Wildlife Pres . 20 mi. N of Socorro ; [ 34.34° N , 106.89° W ]; 15–26 Jul. 1976 ; W. Rubink leg.; SEMC • 1 ♀ ; White Sands ; [ 32.8° N , 106.3° W ]; 27 Jun. 1940 ; D.E. Hardy leg.; SEMC • 1 ♀ ; same location as for preceding; 30 Jun. 1932 ; R.H. Beamer leg.; SEMC • 1 ♀ ; White Sands National Monument ; [ 32.8° N , 106.3° W ]; 16 Aug. 1967 ; R.M. Bohart leg.; UCDC • 1 ♀ ; same location as for preceding; 5 Aug. 1966 ; D.R. Miller leg.; UCDC • 1 ♀ ; same location as for preceding; 23 Aug. 1974 ; R.M. Bohart leg.; UCDC . Description Female COLOURATION. Head and mesosoma blue-green to olive green; clypeus apical colour black, reddish brown, or orange; labrum orange; mandible orange with black basal spot and red tip; flagellum reddish brown dorsally, orange ventrally; pronotal lobe reddish brown to orange; metasoma orange with dark spiracular spots on T3–4; legs reddish brown with femur-tibia joints, tibia apices, and tarsi mostly orange; tegula pale amber; wing membrane hyaline, veins with subcosta dark brown, otherwise pale amber to light brown. PUBESCENCE. Body hair colour white. Tomentum dense on paraocular area and gena, pronotal collar and lobe, space between pronotal lobe and tegula, metanotum anteriorly, metepisternum, T2 basolaterally, T3 throughout except medially, and T4 throughout; sparse on face below ocelli, preëpisternum, and mesepisternum. Scutum hair densely plumose. Wing hairs light, very short and sparse. Acarinarial fan complete or nearly so, sparse. T2 fringes sparse, T3 fringes sparse. SURFACE SCULPTURE. Clypeus punctures large and irregularly sparse (i <2 pd), becoming smaller and denser in basal half (i ≤ 1 pd), sculpture shiny, sometimes weakly imbricate basally; supraclypeal area punctures sparse (i =1–4 pd), sometimes becoming dense laterally (i ≤ 1 pd), diversopunctate, sculpture shiny; paraocular area punctures dense to moderately sparse (i ≤ 2 pd), sculpture shiny; frons punctures dense to moderately sparse (i ≤ 2 pd), sculpture shiny or weakly tessellate; vertex punctures moderately sparse (i= 1–3 pd), sculpture shiny; gena punctures moderately sparse (i=1–3 pd), sculpture shiny; postgena sculpture tessellate to weakly so; tegula punctures absent; scutum punctures moderately sparse (i= 1–2 pd), becoming sparser submedially (i =1–3 pd) and denser posteromedially (i ≤ 1 pd), sculpture shiny, becoming tessellate anteromedially; scutellum punctures moderately dense (i ≤ 2 pd), becoming sparser submedially (i=1–3 pd) and denser posteromedially (i <1 pd), diversopunctate, sculpture shiny; metanotum sculpture shiny and finely, densely punctate (i <1 pd), becoming rugulose laterally; metapostnotum rugae strong, highly anastomosing, reaching margin, sculpture shiny to weakly imbricate; preëpisternum sculpture shiny with crowded punctures (i = 0 pd) or areolate; hypoepimeron punctures dense (i ≤ 1 pd), sculpture shiny; mesepisternum punctures dense (i ≤ 1 pd), sculpture shiny; metepisternum sculpture ruguloso-lineate dorsally, tessellate and densely, obscurely punctate ventrally; propodeum lateral face sculpture tessellate; propodeum posterior face sculpture tessellate; T1 anterior face sculpture shiny; T1 dorsal surface punctures fine, sparse (i=1–4 pd), becoming finer or obscure on rim and absent in large apicolateral oval patches, sculpture shiny; T2 disc punctures moderately dense (i=1–2 pd), disc sculpture shiny, rim punctures fine, sparse (i=1–4 pd), rim sculpture shiny. STRUCTURE. Face length/width ratio 0.81 (± 0.02 SD). Clypeus projecting ~50% below suborbital tangent; clypeal area length/width ratio 0.42 (± 0.02 SD); apicolateral denticles low rounded knobs; supraclypeal area length/width ratio 0.68 (± 0.06 SD). Forewing with 3 submarginal cells; pronotal angle obtuse; tegula shape normal. Intertegular distance 0.89 (± 0.06 SD) mm. Scutum length/width ratio 0.75 (± 0.06 SD); scutum/scutellum length ratio 2.95 (± 0.22 SD); scutellum/metanotum length ratio 1.49 (± 0.12 SD); metanotum/metapostnotum length ratio 0.63 (± 0.04 SD). Propodeum lateral carinae not reaching dorsal margin; oblique carina very weak or absent. T2 depressed apical rim length about 50% of segment. (n=11) Male COLOURATION. Head and mesosoma blue to blue-green; clypeus apical colour reddish brown; labrum orange; mandible orange to yellow with brown basal spot and red tip; flagellum reddish brown dorsally, red to orange ventrally; pronotal lobe black, reddish brown, or orange; metasoma black to dark reddish brown with rims of terga and sterna broadly translucent reddish brown and downcurved lateral areas of terga becoming translucent orange; legs black to reddish brown with femur-tibia joints, base and apex of tibiae, and tarsi orange to yellow; tegula pale amber; wing membrane hyaline, veins with subcosta dark brown, otherwise brown to light brown. PUBESCENCE. Body hair colour white. Tomentum dense on face below ocelli, gena, pronotal angle and lobe, space between pronotal lobe and tegula, mesepisternum ventrally, and metepisternum; sparse on preëpisternum, mesepisternum dorsally, and T2–4 basolaterally. Scutum hair densely plumose. Sterna hair short (1–1.5 OD), densely plumose, dense and erect. Wing hairs light, short and sparse. Fig. 46. Lasioglossum ( D. ) julipile sp. nov. , ♀. A . Lateral habitus. B . Dorsal habitus. C . Face. D . Propodeum. E . Metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm. Fig. 47. Lasioglossum ( D. ) julipile sp. nov. , ♂. A . Dorsal habitus. B . Face. C . Lateral habitus. D . Propodeum and metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm. SURFACE SCULPTURE. Clypeus punctures dense (i ≤ 1 pd), sculpture shiny; supraclypeal area punctures dense (i ≤ 1 pd), sculpture shiny; paraocular area punctures dense (i ≤ 1 pd), sculpture shiny; frons punctures dense (i ≤ 1 pd), sculpture shiny; vertex punctures moderately dense laterally (i =1–2 pd), sparse medially (i =1–3 pd), sculpture shiny; gena punctures moderately dense (i=1–2 pd), sculpture shiny; postgena sculpture shiny to weakly lineate; tegula punctures absent; scutum punctures moderately dense (i =1–2 pd), becoming sparse submedially (i =1–3 pd), sculpture shiny; scutellum punctures moderately dense marginally and on median line (i=1–2 pd), sparse submedially (i=1–3 pd), sculpture shiny; metanotum sculpture shiny and moderately densely punctate (i =1–2 pd), becoming rugulose laterally; metapostnotum rugae strong, anastomosing, reaching margin, sculpture shiny; preëpisternum sculpture areolate; hypoepimeron punctures crowded (i=0 pd), sculpture shiny; mesepisternum punctures dense (i <1 pd), diversopunctate, sculpture shiny; metepisternum sculpture lineate dorsally, areolate ventrally; propodeum lateral face punctures obscure, sculpture rugulose; propodeum posterior face sculpture shiny and sparsely punctate (i= 1–3 pd); T1 anterior face sculpture shiny; T1 dorsal surface punctures dense (i ≤ 1 pd), becoming sparse laterally and in small apicolateral oval patches (i =1–4 pd), sculpture shiny; T2 disc punctures dense (i ≤ 1 pd), becoming sparse laterally and in small apicolateral oval patches (i= 1–4 pd), disc sculpture shiny, rim punctures sparse medially (i=1–4 pd), absent laterally, rim sculpture shiny. STRUCTURE. Face length/width ratio 0.8 (± 0.04 SD). F1:pedicel length ratio 1.05 (± 0.12 SD); F2:F1 length ratio 1.56 (± 0.21 SD); F2 length/width ratio 1.2 (± 0.18 SD); F9 length/width ratio 1.1 (± 0.2 SD). Forewing with 2 or 3 submarginal cells; pronotal angle obtuse; tegula shape normal. Intertegular distance 0.84 (± 0.04 SD) mm. Scutum length/width ratio 0.79 (± 0.05 SD); scutum/scutellum length ratio 2.95 Fig. 48. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum ( D. ) julipile sp. nov. (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence. (± 0.26 SD); scutellum/metanotum length ratio 1.51 (± 0.36 SD); metanotum/metapostnotum length ratio 0.71 (± 0.06 SD). Propodeum lateral carinae not reaching dorsal margin; oblique carina absent. (n =4) GENITALIA. As in Fig. 90E . Gonocoxite relatively narrow, rounded. Gonostylus broad, with a few long hairs. Retrorse lobe broad, spatulate, covered in sparse short hairs. Range Chihuahuan Desert of Arizona , New Mexico , and Chihuahua , north to Albuquerque ( Fig. 48 ). Floral records ASPARAGACEAE Juss. Yucca L. • ASTERACEAE Giseke : Cirsium • CLEOMACEAE Bercht. & J. Presl : Wislizenia Engelm. W . refracta Engelm. • FABACEAE Juss. Medicago : M . sativa L. • ROSACEAE Juss. Fallugia Endl. F . paradoxa (D. Don) Endl. ex Torr. • SOLANACEAE Adans. Solanum L. DNA barcodes Two sequences available (BOLD process IDs: DLIII157-19, DLIII158-19; BIN: BOLD:AEA0802). Lasioglossum julipile sp. nov. differs from L . clastipedion sp. nov. and L . clematisellum by 6 fixed substitutions: 54(T), 270(C), 304(A), 387(C), 495(C), and 541(C) (Supplementary file 4). No unique fixed substitutions distinguish L . julipile sp. nov. from all other western red-tailed L . ( Dialictus ).