A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador Author Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina Author Whitfield, James B. Author Janzen, Daniel H. Author Winifred Hallwachs, Author Dyer, Lee A. Author Smith, M. Alex Author Hebert, Paul D. N. Author Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. text ZooKeys 2019 890 1 685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 1313-2970-890-1 FD8F695311F64DF2950F6A387340BCE5 2691DADB7BA352BEBA377C901FC0AC97 Glyptapanteles tomwallai Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Fig. 218 Female. Body length 2.83 mm , antenna length 3.03 mm , fore wing length 3.13 mm . Type material. Holotype : ECUADOR • 1♀ ; EC-38743, YY-A007; Napo , Yanayacu Biological Station , Yanayacu Road ; cloud forest; 2,100 m ; - 0.566667 , -77.866667 ; 16.v.2009 ; CAPEA leg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons formed on 05.vi.2009 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 26.vi.2009 ; ( PUCE ) . Paratypes . • 83 ( 9♀ , 4♂ ) ( 70♀ , 0 ♂ ); EC-38743, YY-A007; same data as for holotype; ( PUCE ) . Other material. Reared material. ECUADOR : Napo , Yanayacu Biological Station , Yanayacu Road : • 18 ( 5♀ , 4♂ ) ( 9♀ , 0 ♂ ); EC-2734/2735, YY-A076; cloud forest; 2,100 m ; - 0.566667 , -77.866667 ; 13.v.2005 ; Harold Greeney leg. ; cocoons formed on 17.v.2005 . • 62 ( 5♀ , 5♂ ) ( 47♀ , 5♂ ); EC-38747, YY-A103; same data as for preceding except: CAPEA leg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons formed on 15.vi.2009 ; cocoon characteristics not reported; adult parasitoids emerged on 01.vii.2009 . Diagnosis. Area just behind transscutal articulation with a sloped transverse strip ( Fig. 218E ), dorsal furrow of pronotum with a defined smooth band only proximally ( Fig. 218A ), entire surface of hind tibia with numerous strong spines, propodeal spiracle distally framed by faintly concave/wavy carina ( Fig. 218F ), phragma of the scutellum widely visible ( Fig. 218F ), nucha surrounded by long radiating carinae ( Fig. 218F ), propodeum without median longitudinal carina ( Fig. 218F ), dorsal carina delimiting a dorsal furrow on propleuron present ( Fig. 218C ), petiole on T1 parallel-sided, but narrowing over distal 1/3 ( Fig. 218G ), precoxal groove deep ( Fig. 218A, I ), anteroventral contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so ( Fig. 218A, I ), edges of median area on T2 polished and followed by a deep groove ( Fig. 218G ), and fore wing with r vein curved, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins forming a distinct stub ( Fig. 218K ). Figure 218. Glyptapanteles tomwallai sp. nov. female EC-38743 YY-A007, EC-38747 YY-A103 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T1-2, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K Fore and hind wings. Coloration ( Fig. 218 A-K ). General body coloration satin black except scape yellow-brown; pedicel distal half yellow-brown and proximal half brown; all antennal flagellomeres brown on both sides; labrum and mandible yellow-brown; tegulae light brown; glossa, maxillary and labial palps yellow. Eyes reddish (in preserved specimen) and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs dark yellow except brown-red/reddish coxae and brown claws; hind legs dark yellow except black coxae, femora distally brown, tibiae 1/3 distal and tarsomeres brown although proximal half of basitarsus yellow. Petiole on T1 brown with some reddish tints, contours darkened and sublateral areas yellow; T2 with median and adjacent areas brown, adjacent area with contours well-defined, both dark areas forming a rectangle-shape area, narrow lateral ends yellow-brown; T3 mostly brown except lateral ends proximally with yellow corners; T4 and beyond brown; distally each tergum with a narrow yellowish translucent band. In lateral view, T1-2 yellow; T3 yellow, but dorsally with a small brown area; T4 and beyond brown. S1-2 yellow; S3 yellow, but medially brown; S4 and beyond brown. Description. Head ( Fig. 218 A-D ). Head rounded with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.20:0.08, 0.22:0.08, 0.23:0.08), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.15:0.06, 0.11:0.06), antenna longer than body (3.03, 2.83); antennal scrobes-frons sloped and forming a shelf. Face flat or nearly so, punctate-lacunose, interspaces wavy and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate-lacunose and interspaces wavy. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.11, 0.15). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli slightly depressed. Vertex laterally pointed or nearly so and dorsally wide. Mesosoma ( Fig. 218A, E, F, I ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Distal 1/3 of mesoscutum with lateral margin slightly dented, punctation proximally distinct, but distally absent/dispersed, interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS , but not in the same plane, scutellar punctation scattered throughout, in profile scutellum slightly convex, but on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum widely visible; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM ; ATS demilune with short stubs delineating the area; dorsal ATS groove smooth. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation with a sloped transverse strip, smooth and shiny. Metanotum with BM convex; MPM circular without median longitudinal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM ; PFM thick, smooth and with lateral ends rounded; ATM proximally with a groove with some sculpturing and distally smooth. Propodeum with a mix of faint rugae and fine sculpture and without median longitudinal carina, proximal half curved; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle distally framed by faintly concave/wavy carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a defined smooth band only proximally; central area of pronotum smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with a mix of rugae and fine punctation, dorsally with a carina. Metasternum convex. Contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so; precoxal groove deep with transverse lineate sculpture; epicnemial ridge widen. Legs ( Fig. 218A ). Ventral margin of fore telotarsus entire without seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.11, 0.08). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface, dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.27, 0.20), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length as fourth tarsomere (0.13, 0.14). Wings ( Fig. 218K ). Fore wing with r vein curved; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction forming a slight stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with microtrichiae virtually throughout; vein 2CUa absent and vein 2CUb spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved and complete, but junction with 1-1A vein spectral. Hind wing with vannal lobe wide, subdistally and subproximally straightened, and setae present proximally, but absent distally. Metasoma ( Fig. 218A, G, H, J ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured distal, but only laterally, virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but narrowing over distal 1/3 (length 0.39, maximum width 0.20, minimum width 0.07), and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.17, length T2 0.17), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area broader than long (length 0.17, maximum width 0.23, minimum width 0.09); T2 with scattered pubescence throughout. T3 longer than T2 (0.25, 0.17) and with pubescence more notorious in distal half. Pubescence on hypopygium scattered. Cocoons. Unknown. Comments. In general, the female body is slender and cylindrical . In some females, the coloration on S1-2 is yellow, but the remaining sterna completely brown. In other females, only the three distal sterna (S4-6) are completely brown. The proximal edge of ATS demilune is carinate . Male. The male body is slender and cylindrical like the female. Male is similar in coloration except that the hind femora has two colorations: proximal 3/4 dark brown-red and distal 1/4 brown; the coloration on S1-3 is yellow-brown, but the remaining sterna are completely brown; the external genitalia is small. Etymology. Thomas (Tom) R. Walla is an American entomologist whose speciality is in tropical ecology, tropical butterflies, and patterns of species diversity. He is a professor at Mesa State College, Grand Junction, CO, USA . Distribution. Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Ecuador , Napo , Yanayacu Biological Station (Yanayacu Road), during May 2005 and May 2009 at 2,100 m in cloud forest. Biology. The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious. Host. Undetermined species of Apatelodidae feeding on Dendrophorbium lloense ( Asteraceae ). Undetermined species of Erebidae ( Arctiinae ) feeding on Baccharis latifolia ( Asteraceae ). Caterpillars were collected in third instar.