Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Sibinia (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with suggestions on their potential value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus Author Skuhrovec, Jiří Author Gosik, Rafał Author Caldara, Roberto Author Košťál, Michael text Zootaxa 2015 2 151 187 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3955.2.1 ef3ddc5d-a90b-49df-a2b8-01282c0509fe 1175-5326 239116 2C428174-7C02-4F0C-BB34-E1BC81F58CB1 Sibinia tibialis Gyllenhal, 1835 Caldara, 1985 : 36 . Material examined . 12 larvae from seeds of Silene otites (L.) Wib. collected 5 .viii. 2014 in southern Slovakia (Borská nížina, Malacky env. 150 m a. s. l., N 48 ° 24.7 ´ , E 17 °04.0´ ), leg. J. Skuhrovec, M. Košťál & Z. Košťálová, and 7 ( 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀) pupae obtained from larvae collected similarly to the others, all determined by association with reared adults. Differential diagnosis. See Key to the immatures of the Palaearctic species of the genus Sibinia and Table. 3 . Description of mature larva. COLORATION. Head brown to dark yellow. All thoracic and abdominal segments light yellow. HEAD CAPSULE AND MOUTH PARTS . Head width: 0.53–0.63 mm (see Table. 1 ). Endocarinal line present, reaching middle of frons. Des 1 minute, located near frontal suture; des 2 minute, located almost in central parts of epicarnium; des 3 long, located along frontal suture; des 4 absent; des 5 long, located anterolaterally ( Fig. 31 ). Fs 1 and fs 2 absent; fs 3 minute, located medially; fs 4 long, located anteromedially (along epistoma); fs 5 very long, located anterolaterally (along epistoma), fs 5 1.5 times as long as fs 4 ( Fig. 31 ). Les almost as long as des 3 ; ves 1 short and ves 2 long. Postepicranial area with 1 pes and with 2–3 sensilla. Antennal segment membranous, bearing conical sensorium and 2 very short, conical, sensilla ( Fig. 34 ). Clypeus ( Fig. 35 ) 3 times as wide as long; with 2 very short cls , and 1 sensillum, all located posterolaterally; anterior margin slightly rounded inside. Labrum ( Fig. 35 ) approximately 3.5 times as wide as long; lms 1 distinctly shorter than lms 2 , and slightly longer and larger than lms 3 ; anterior margin slightly sinuate. Epipharynx ( Fig. 36 ) with 2 elongated, finger-like als , similar in length; with 3 short ams , similar in length; with 2 very short and fingerlike mes (see comments about ams and mes in Material and Methods); labral rods elongate, kidney-shaped, strongly converging posteriorly. Mandibles ( Fig. 33 ) with 2 mds different in length. Maxilla ( Fig. 32 ): stipes with 1 long stps , and with 2 long pfs , almost of equal length, 1 very short mbs ; mala with 4 slightly curved dms , different in length; with 3 very short vms , almost of equal length. Maxillary palpi: length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres 1 : 1.6 ; basal palpomera with 1 short mxps ; distal palpomera with group of 3–4 conical, cuticular apical processes. Prementum ( Fig. 32 ) almost rounded, with 1 prms ; margin of ligula slightly curved inside; ligula with 2 very short ligs ; premental sclerite clearly visible. Postmentum ( Fig. 32 ) with 2 pms , pms 1 absent, very long pms 2 , 4 times as long as pms 3 . THORAX AND ABDOMEN. Body length 3.50–4.30 mm (see Table. 1 ), elongate ( Fig. 37 ). Abdominal segments I– V almost equal in length, slightly larger than abdominal segment VI and VII ( Fig. 37 ). Spiracles on abdomen in posterior parts of segments (abdominal seg. I–VIII). Chaetotaxy of body rather reduced. Setae long to very short and light yellow. Thorax. Prothorax ( Fig. 38 ) with 10 prn , 9 macro- and 1 microsetae; 2 moderately long ps of same length; 1 eus . Meso- and metathorax ( Fig. 38 ) with 1 moderately long prs ; 1 moderately long and 1 short pds ; alar area with moderately long 1 as ; 1 very short ss ; 1 moderately long eps ; 1 moderately long ps ; and 1 eus . Each pedal area of thoracic segments well-separated and with 2 pda . Abdomen. Abdominal segments I–VII ( Figs. 39, 40 ) with 1 long prs ; 3 pds of different length, pds 1 and pds 3 very short, pds 2 long; 2 ss of different length, ss 1 very short to minute, ss 2 moderately long; 2 eps in equal length; 2 ps of different length, ps 1 short and ps 2 moderately long; 1 long lsts ; and 2 moderately long eus . Abdominal segment VIII ( Fig. 40 ) with 1 moderately long prs ; 3 pds of different length, pds 1 and pds 3 very short, pds 2 moderately long; 1 very short to minute ss ; 2 moderately long eps in equal length; 2 ps of different length, ps 1 short and ps 2 moderately long; 1 moderately long lsts ; and 2 moderately long eus . Abdominal segment IX ( Fig. 40 ) with 2 ds of different length, ds 1 short and ds 2 moderately long; 2 ps of different length, ps 1 very short and ps 2 moderately long; and 2 moderately long sts in equal length. Anal lobes on abdominal segment X ( Fig. 40 ) with 2 minute setae. Description of pupa. COLORATION. Body white. MORPHOLOGY ( Figs. 41–45 ). Body length 2.35 –3.00 mm; widest part 1.15 –2.00 mm (see Table. 2 ). Body rather stocky. Rostrum moderately long, approximately 4 times as long as wide, reaching mesocoxae. Pronotum 1.6 times as wide as long. CHAETOTAXY ( Figs. 41–45 ). Setae distinct, medium long, unequal in length, brown; on pronotum and head placed on small protuberances. Setae clearly visible, medium long, unequal in length, brown; on pronotum and head placed on small protuberances. Setae on head different in length, sos 3–4 times shorter than os ; rs as long as pas ( Fig. 42 ). Ds 2 slightly shorter than other setae on pronotum ( Fig. 44 ). Setae on abdominal segments I–VIII placed posteromedially and posterolaterally; all abdominal setae located on thorn-like protuberances. Pseudocerci short, triangular in shape. Biological observations. The larvae fed on seeds, and mature larvae left the capsule and entered the soil to pupate. Pupation was observed 8–10 days after the larvae entered the soil. Adults were found in the cells 7–9 days later. Remarks. This species is primarily distributed in Central Europe and reached northern France in the west and central Italy and Romania in the south. It is also reported to be in Asia and the Far East ( Caldara 1985 , 2013 ). Sibinia tibialis seems monophagous on Silene otites (L.) Wib. ( Dieckmann 1988 ; Rheinheimer & Hassler 2010 ), although the adult was also collected on S . tatarica (L.) Pers . in Germany ( Neresheimer & Wagner 1939 ) and on Minuartia setacea (Thuill) Hayek in France ( Hoffmann 1955 under S . guillebeaui Desbrochers des Loges, 1897 ).