Neolinocarpon phayaoense sp. nov. (Linocarpaceae) from Thailand Author Senwanna, Chanokned Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand & Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand Author Phookamsak, Rungtiwa Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China & Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand & Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand Author Bahkali, Ali H. Author Elgorban, Abdallah M. Author Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand Author Hyde, Kevin D. Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China & Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand text Phytotaxa 2018 2018-07-23 362 1 77 86 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.362.1.6 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.362.1.6 1179-3163 13702980 Neolinocarpon phayaoense Senwanna & K.D. Hyde , sp. nov. ( Fig. 2 ) Index Fungorum number : IF554038, Facesoffungi number : FoF 03882 Etymology :—The epithet “ phayaoense ” refers to Phayao Province in Thailand where the fungus was found. Holotype :— MFLU17 - 1980 Saprobic on branches of Hevea brasiliensis . Sexual morph : Ascostromata 250–550 μm diam., 120–300 μm high, solitary to gregarious, with 1–3 locules, immersed to semi-immersed, becoming raised to erumpent through the host tissue, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, with a central, papillate, blackened, shiny ostiole. Ostiolar canal 60–120 μm wide, 105–265 μm high, central, not prominent, cylindrical, straight, black, periphysate. Peridium 5–50 μm wide, outer cells merging with the host epidermal cells, composed of dark brown to black cells of textura angularis . Hamathecium 3–7 μm wide, comprising dense, hyaline, septate, unbranched, filamentous paraphyses, tapering towards the apex. Asci (108–)120–165(–180) × (8–)10–14(–17) μm ( x = 143 × 12 μm, n = 15), 8-spored, unitunicate, with a refractive J-, wedge-shaped, subapical ring (2–3 μm × 1–2 μm), cylindrical, long pedicellate, thin-walled. Ascospores (77–)83–92 × (2–)4–5 μm ( x = 85 × 4 μm, n = 20), fasciculate, elongate subcylindric-clavate, hyaline to pale brown, aseptate, mostly curved, containing refringent septum-like band, tapering towards the base and with a narrow rounded apex, smooth-walled. Asexual morph : Undetermined. FIGURE 1. Phylogram of RAxML analysis based on a combined LSU and ITS sequence data. Bootstrap support values for maximum likelihood (ML, left) greater than 60% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP, right) equal to or greater than 0.95 are indicated at the nodes. The tree is rooted to Gelasinospora tetrasperma (CBS 178.33) and Sordaria fumicola (CBS 508.50). All sequences from ex-type strains are in bold. The newly generated sequences are in blue. Culture characteristics :—Ascospores germinating on MEA within 24 hours and germtube produced from one or both sides or middle of the ascospores. Colonies on MEA reaching 2–3 cm diam. after 2 weeks at 25–30°C, colonies circular, medium dense, surface smooth with edge entire, velvety to woolly, colony from above white; from below: white at the margin, yellowish to light brown in the center; not producing pigmentation in agar. Material examined :— THAILAND , Phayao Province , Mae Ka Subdistrict, Mueang District, on branch of Hevea brasiliensis ( Euphorbiaceae ), 1 November 2016 , C. Senwanna, RBCR014 (MFLU 17-1980, holotype !), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-0074! living culture MFLUCC 17-0073! Addition GenBank numbers :—SSU = MG581936, MFLUCC 17-0073a; MG581937, MFLUCC 17-0073b; MG581938, MFLUCC 17-0074; TEF 1-α = MG739512, MFLUCC 17-0073a; MG739513, MFLUCC 17-0073b; MG739514, MFLUCC 17-0074 FIGURE 2. Neolinocarpon phayaoense (MFLU 17-1980, holotype!). a Habit of ascostromata on host substrate. b Section through ascoma. c Paraphyses. d Ostiole with periphyses. e Peridium . f, g Germinated ascospores. h, i Culture characteristic on MEA after 21 days (h = colony from above, i = colony from below). j, m Asci (j, l = mouthed in water; m = mouthed in Melzer’s reagent). n Ascospores (mouthed in water). Scale bar: a, b = 200 μm, d, j, n = 50 μm, c, e, g = 20 μm. TABLE 1. GenBank accession numbers of the sequences used in phylogenetic analysis.

GenBank accession number
Species name	Strain	LSU	ITS
Chaetosphaeria chlorotunicata	SMH1565	AF466064	-
Chloridium lignicola	CBS 143.54	AF178544	AF178544
Dictyochaeta fuegiana	FMR_13126	KY853500	KY853440
Echinosphaeria canescens	SMH4666	KF765605	-
Endophragmiella dimorphospora	FMR 12150	KY853502	KY853442
Exserticlava vasiformis	TAMA 450	AB753846	-
Gelasinospora tetrasperma	CBS 178.33	DQ470980	-
Helminthosphaeria clavariarum	SMH4609	AY346283	-
Hilberina caudata	SMH1542	KF765615	-
Leptosporella arengae	MFLUCC 15-0330	MG272246	MG272255
Leptosporella bambusae	MFLUCC 12-0846	KU863122	KU940134
Leptosporella cocois	MFLUCC 15-0816	-	MG272256
Leptosporella gregaria	SMH 4290	AY346290	-
Leptosporella gregaria	SMH 4673	HM171287	-
Linocarpon arengae	MFLUCC 15-0331	MG272247	-
Linocarpon cocois	MFLUCC 15-0812	MG272248	MG272257
Neolinocarpon arengae	MFLUCC 15-0323	MG272249	MG272258
Neolinocarpon rachides	MFLUCC 15-0332	MG272250	-
Neolinocarpon phayaoense *	MFLUCC 17-0073a	MG581933	-
Neolinocarpon phayaoense *	MFLUCC 17-0073b	MG581934	-
Neolinocarpon phayaoense *	MFLUCC 17-0074	MG581935	-
Ruzenia spermoides	SMH4606	AY436422	-
Sordaria fimicola	CBS 508.50	AY681160	AY681188
Synaptospora plumbea	SMH3962	KF765621	-
Umbrinosphaeria caesariata	CBS 102664	AF261069	-
Zanclospora iberica	FMR_11584	KY853544	KY853480

Ex-type strains are in bold. The new taxon is indicated with an asterisk. Abbreviation: CBS: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, The Netherlands; FMR: Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Reus, Spain; MFLUCC: Mae Fah Luang University Culture Collection, Chiang Rai, Thailand; SMH: Sabine M. Huhndorf. Notes :— Neolinocarpon phayaoense is similar to other species in the morphological characters of the immerse ascomata with an ostiole, filiform ascospores. However, it differs from Neolinocarpon species in its size of ascomata, asci and ascospores, ascomata shape and lacking mucilaginous appendages in the ascospores ( Table 2 ). Neolinocarpon phayaoense differs from N. australiense , N. calami , N. enshiensis , N. eutypoides and N. globosicarpum as it lacks a mucilaginous sheath at the apices of the ascospores.Ascospores of Neolinocarpon phayaoense have similar dimension to N. attaleae [(52.5–)57.5–93(–105) × 3–4(–5) μm] and N. inconspicuum [76–98 × 2–3 μm], but differs in size of ascomata [(350–880 × 220–650 μm) and (200–255 × 365–410 μm)] and asci [(137.5–227.5 × 7.5–14(–15) μm) and (105–156 × 7.5–12 μm)] ( Table 2 ). In addition, N. phayaoense was isolated from different host family ( Euphorbiaceae ) with all Neolinocarpon species. The phylogenetic analysis indicates that N. phayaoense grouped together with N . rachidis and N . arengae ( Fig. 1 ).