A revision of the Brazilian species of Lysmata Risso, 1816 (Decapoda: Caridea Lysmatidae), with discussion of the morphological characters used in their identification Author Pachelle, Paulo P. G. Laboratório de Carcinologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), Av. Nazaré 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, 04263 - 000, Brazil Author Carvalho, Leina Laboratório de Carcinologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), Av. Nazaré 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, 04263 - 000, Brazil Author Alves, Douglas F. R. Laboratório de Ecologia de Ecossistemas Aquáticos (LEEA), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Avenida Amazonas, s / n., Uberlândia, MG, 38400 - 902, Brazil Author Anker, Arthur Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB- 5, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Av. Esperança s / n, Goiânia, GO, 74690 - 900, Brazil text Zootaxa 2020 2020-06-08 4789 1 55 90 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.2 1175-5326 3884685 5D5199B5-8A6A-45F6-A8CA-7B3DBB1AC591 Lysmata vittata ( Stimpson, 1860 ) ( Figure 15 ) Hippolysmata vittata Stimpson, 1860: 26 . Lysmata vittata ( Stimpson, 1860 ) — Bruce 1990: 601 , figs. 23–28; Soledade et al . 2013: 67 ; Terossi et al. 2018: 83 ; Alves et al. 2018 : figs. 1B, 3. (?) Lysmata rauli Laubenheimer & Rhyne 2010: 299 , figs. 1–3; Soledade et al. 2013: 67 , fig. 2C. Material examined. Brazil : 7 non-ov. specimens (pocl 5.5– 2.8 mm ), MZUSP 37419 , Sergipe , Aracaju , Orla do Mosqueteiro , coll. D.F. R . Alves , 18.v.2017 ; 3 non-ov. specimens (pocl 5.2– 3.8 mm ), MZUSP 37509 , same collection data as for previous specimens, ii.2017 ; 15 non-ov. specimens (pocl 6.0–3.0 mm), MZUSP 37424 , same collection data as for previous specimens, iv.2016 ; 11 non-ov. specimens (pocl 7.0– 3.5 mm ), MZUSP 37423 , same collection data as for previous specimens, 10.x.2016 ; 1 non-ov. specimen (pocl 6.5 mm ), MZUSP 37514 , same collection data as for previous specimens, ii.2017 ; 17 non-ov. specimens (pocl 6.0– 2.5 mm ), MZUSP 37420 , same collection data as for previous specimens, 17.i.2017 ; 23 non-ov. specimens (pocl 5.2–4.0 mm), MZUSP 37422 , Sergipe , Aracaju , Orla do Por do sol, coll. D.F. R . Alves , 3.iv.2017 ; 13 non-ov. specimens (pocl 7.0– 2.8 mm ), MZUSP 37421 , same collection data as for previous specimens, vii.2017 ; 6 non-ov. specimens (pocl 7.5– 6.5 mm ), MZUSP 39104 , Bahia , exact locality unknown, collector unknown, purchased from aquarium shop in São Paulo , x.2018 ; 2 non-ov. specimens (pocl 6.0, 5.0 mm), MZUSP 31541 , Rio de Janeiro , Baia da Ilha Grande , collector unknown, i.2007 ; 1 non-ov. specimen (pocl 4.0 mm), MZUSP 32296 , São Paulo , Enseada de Ubatuba , Radial V , collector unknown, 19.v.1996 ; 1 non-ov. specimen (pocl 5.4 mm ), MZUSP 20185 , Paraná , Cabaquara , coll. S. Frigotto , 27.v.2007 ; 3 non-ov. specimens (pocl 7.0– 4.8 mm ), MZUSP 11296 , Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , Ilha de Inhatomirim , coll. Y.M. R . Muller , 02.ix.1991 . First record for Brazil . Bahia ( Laubenheimer & Rhyne 2010 , as L. rauli , but see below). Distribution. Indo-West Pacific: Mozambique to Hong Kong , Russia , Japan , Philippines , Indonesia , Australia and New Zealand . Western Atlantic: Panama and Brazil ( Sergipe , Bahia , Rio de Janeiro , São Paulo , Paraná , Santa Catarina) ( Terossi et al. 2018 ; Pachelle et al. 2018 ; Alves et al. 2018 ; present study) ( Fig. 16 ). Ecology . On various hard and mixed bottoms, especially rocky reefs and sand flats with rocks and coral rubble, depth range: 1–160 m ( Bruce 1990 ; Anker & De Grave 2016 ). In the western Atlantic, the species has been collected only in intertidal and subtidal areas ( Laubenheimer & Rhyne 2010 ; Soledade et al. 2013 ; Pachelle et al. 2018 ; Alves et al. 2018 ). Remarks. Lysmata vittata was recently proposed to be a senior synonym of L. rauli , a species described based on material from Bahia ( Laubenheimer & Rhyne 2010 ), thereby becoming the first known invasive species of Lysmata in Brazil ( Soledade et al. 2013 ), followed by the more recent record of L. lipkei ( Pachelle et al . 2016 ) . However, the unusually wide latitudinal and longitudinal distribution and variation of the colour patterns of L. vittata indicate that this taxon may also represent a species complex ( Marin et al. 2012 ; Soledade et al. 2013 ; Anker & De Grave 2016 ; Pachelle et al. 2018 ). Therefore, until a more extensive material of L. vittata is thoroughly revised morphologically and genetically, the synonymy of L. rauli with L. vittata needs to be treated with some caution (see also Anker & De Grave 2016: 404 ).