Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar Author Ünal, Mustafa text Zootaxa 2016 4206 1 1 223 journal article 37403 10.11646/zootaxa.4206.1.1 5c5bff7d-ea8c-4893-b03e-a8b5c5904514 1175-5326 208260 E1566C02-9987-4116-83AA-91D3D1DCF2FF Key to genera of Nocarodeini 1 Tympanum on the first abdominal tergite present, large well developed, always larger than the neighbour stigmal area ( Figs. 344–346 ); if absent or very small (only in Paranocarodes karabagi ) ( Fig. 349 ) or as wide as the stigmal area ( Paranocarodes chopardi ) ( Figs. 347–348 ) then abdominal tergites (at least the first tergite) sharply and distinctly protruded posteriorly (extending beyond the hind margin of its own tergite) ( Figs. 354 ).............................................. 2 - Tympanum absent ( Figs. 350–351 ); if present (in several species of Nocaracris , N. furvus s.l. , N. judithae , N. minutus , N. burri , N. rimansonae , N. dilekensis ) strongly reduced, smaller than the neighbour stigmal area ( Fig. 352 ); if slightly wider than the stigmal area ( N. furvus s.l. , N. judithae , N. minutus ) ( Fig. 353 ) then the first abdominal tergite never protruded posteriorly ( Fig. 355 )........................................................................................... 7 2 Body strongly depressed dorso-ventrally ( Figs. 517–521 ); vertex almost smooth, slightly rugose, without supraocellar and supraocular foveolae, with very weak carinae and carinulae ( Fig. 356 , 519, 521 ); apical valves of penis strongly compressed laterally, roundly widened and curved backwards ( Fig. 64 a, b, d)......................... Neoparanothrotes Mirzayans - Body compressed laterally ( Figs. 509–516 ); vertex strongly rugose, with very distinct carinae and carinulae, supraocellar and supraocular foveolae distinct ( Fig. 357 ); apical valves of penis not widened and not curved backwards ( Figs. 61 a, b–63a, b, d).................................................................................................... 3 3 Vertex very narrow; narrower than the transversal diameter of eye ( Figs. 358–359 ); visible part of apical valves of penis very long, longer than visible part of basal valves of penis ( Fig. 62 a, d), epiphallus with simple, linear pseudolophi consist of several spines in one row ( Fig. 62 c)...................................................... Pseudonothrotes Mistshenko - Vertex clearly wider than the transversal diameter of eye or at most equal in male ( Fig. 360 ); visible part of apical valves of penis always shorter than visible part of basal valves of penis ( Figs. 58 a, d, 63a, d), epiphallus with oval or rounded pseudolophi consist of many spines (except Eunothrotes derjugini ) ( Figs. 55 c–61c)....................................... 4 4 Arolium very wide, longer than half of claws ( Fig. 361 ); apical valves of penis large and stout, very wide in posterior view; not covered by the sheath of penis ( Figs. 63 a, d); epiphallus with sublinear pseudolophi consist of less spines ( Fig. 63 c)........................................................................................... Eunothrotes Adelung - Arolium distinctly narrower and not longer than half of claws ( Fig. 362 ); apical valves of penis smaller and slender, much narrower in posterior view; mostly covered by the sheath of penis (except several species of Paranothrotes ) ( Figs. 55 a, d, 56a, d, 58a, d), epiphallus with oval or rounded pseudolophi consist of many spines ( Fig. 55 c–61c)......................... 5 5 Median carina of pronotum with distinct longitudinal sulcus mostly along its length ( Fig. 363 ) or at least anterior part (except doubtful Paranothrotes asulcatus ); arch of zygoma on male phallus distinctly raised and sclerotized, higher than posterior lobes of zygoma ( Figs. 55 a, 58a, 59a); mostly but not always, median carinae of pronotum and abdominal tergites simple, not raised and without a sharp posterior projection ( Figs. 495–496 ) (except Paranothrotes sulcatus , P. margaritae , P. siirt sp. nov. ); fastigium of vertex mostly flat ( Fig. 365 ); antennae long as in Paranocarodes (see item 6 below)...................................................................................................... Paranothrotes Mistshenko - Median carina of pronotum without longitudinal sulcus ( Fig. 364 ); if present an indistinct one, very thin as a line (in some specimens of Paranocarodes ); arch of zygoma on male phallus not raised and not sclerotized, lower than posterior lobes of zygoma ( Figs. 44 a–54a); mostly but not always, median carinae of pronotum and abdominal tergites raised, with a sharp posterior projection ( Figs. 411–412 ) (except Ebnerodes toelgi , Paranocarodes beieri ); fastigium of vertex depressed ( Fig. 366 ); antennae short in Ebnerodes , long in Paranocarodes (see item 6 below)......................................... 6 6 Abdominal tergites simple, not raised and without sharp projection at posterior margin ( Fig. 437–438 ); median carina of pronotum not raised almost indistinct, strongly granulate; head relatively large ( Figs. 367–368 ); vertex sloping ( Figs. 367–368 ); antennae very short not reaching to ventral margin of labrum in female ( Fig. 368 ), at most slightly surpassing it in male; in normal body form, male abdomen (also female) long reaching to half of hind tibia when the legs stretched backwards ( Figs. 437 ); hind tibia bright orange................................................................. Ebnerodes Ramme - Abdominal tergites raised and with a sharp projection at posterior margin ( Figs. 411–412 ); median carina of pronotum raised and very distinct; if granulate then hind tibia black or blackish red; head smaller ( Figs. 369–370 ); vertex not sloping as in Ebnerodes ( Figs. 369–370 ); antennae long surpassing far beyond ventral margin of labrum in both sexes ( Figs. 369–370 ); in normal body form, male abdomen short, never reaching to half of hind tibia, reaching to slightly beyond the apex of hind femur when the legs stretched backwards ( Figs. 431, 433, 435 )................................... Paranocarodes I. Bolívar 7 Body strongly depressed dorso-ventrally ( Figs. 727-730 ); vertex completely smooth, no carinula, tubercles or granules; no foveolae ( Figs. 371–372 ); pronotum cylindrical, without lateral carinae; median carina very indistinctly visible with its longitudinal sulcus, but never raised ( Figs. 371–372 ); apical valves of penis not covered by the sheath of penis ventrally ( Figs. 79 a, d, 80a)....................................................................... Turkanocaracris Ünal gen. nov. - Body strongly to relatively compressed laterally ( Figs. 723–726 ); vertex clearly rugose, always with carinae, carinulae and granules; foveolae present, at least supraocellar foveola distinct ( Figs. 373–374 ); pronotum mostly roof shaped with raised median carinae, if subcylindrical then median and lateral carinae very distinct ( Figs. 373–374 ); apical valves of penis covered by the sheath of penis ventrally ( Figs. 70 a, d).............................................................. 8 8 Dorsal margin of hind femur interrupted in preapical part ( Fig. 375 ); if it is weak then median and lateral carinae of pronotum very distinct and raised; distinctly depressed between the median and lateral carinae, but below portion of the lateral carinae compressed laterally, therefore pronotum not roof shaped; fastigium of vertex horizontal or very slightly sloping, connected to frontal ridge under acute or right angle, sharp in lateral view.................................................. 9 - Dorsal margin of hind femur not interrupted in preapical part ( Fig. 376 ); if it is seen weakly then especially lateral carinae and median carina of pronotum much more indistinct, not raised, body and hind femur clearly stout, pronotum almost roof shaped ( Nocaracris niethammeri sp. group); fastigium of vertex sloping, connected to frontal ridge under obtuse rarely right angle, mostly rounded in lateral view (except Araxiana )........................................................... 11 9 Frontal ridge in dorsal part distinctly projecting forward in lateral view ( Fig. 377 ); median carina of pronotum with a distinct longitudinal sulcus along its length; prosternum with strongly raised anterior margin as a collar-like, almost covering the mouth parts from below ( Fig. 378 )....................................................... Iranacris Mistshenko - Frontal ridge in dorsal part slightly projecting forward in lateral view ( Fig. 379 ); median carina of pronotum without longitudinal sulcus or at most visible in anterior part (except Nocarodes ebneri ); prosternum slightly raised with a pointed median projection ( Fig. 380 )................................................................................. 10 10 Pronotum strongly widened in middle part, distinctly wider than its length ( Fig. 381 ); lateral carinae of pronotum weak in prozona, distinct in metazona but not in a carina form, that changed as a swollen ridge reaching to anterior margin of pronotum laterally ( Figs. 381–383 ); apical valves of penis truncate at apex (with an apical notch), stout, S-shaped and curved backwards at apex ( Figs. 91 a, 92a).......................................................... Bufonocarodes Mistshenko - Pronotum not wider than its length or slightly wider ( Fig. 382 ); lateral carinae of pronotum distinct in prozona and metazona in usual form ( Figs. 382–384 ); if that changed as a swollen ridge and reaching to anterior margin of pronotum laterally then it is sharper and always typical lateral carinae distinct in prozona; apical valves of penis pointed at apex without apical notch ( Figs. 83 a–90a)................................................................. Nocarodes Fischer von Waldheim 11 Body and legs clearly slender ( Figs. 743–744 ); fastigium of vertex flat, not sloping, connected to frontal ridge angularly in lateral view ( Figs. 385–386 ); upper part of frontal ridge projecting forward; body strongly compressed laterally, therefore metasternum narrower than the length of meso- and metasterna together ( Fig. 389 ); apical valves of penis slender, strongly covered by the posterior lobes of zygoma, difficult to see in lateral view, their ventral margins not turned laterally, this visible part straight ( Fig. 81 a, d); epiphallus with fused pseudolophi ( Fig. 81 c)......................... Araxiana Mistshenko - Body and legs stout ( Figs. 709–722 ); fastigium of vertex sloping and mostly depressed, connected to frontal ridge roundly in lateral view ( Fig. 387–388 ); upper part of frontal ridge not projecting forward; body mostly depressed, if compressed laterally, then metasternum wider than the length of meso- and metasterna together ( Fig. 390 ); apical valves of penis stout, partly covered by the sheath of penis, clearly visible in lateral view; their ventral margins always turned laterally, this visible part clearly upcurved ( Figs. 69 a–78a); epiphallus with separated pseudolophi ( Figs. 69 c–78c)................... Nocaracris Uvarov