Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species Author De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. 06C42876-2925-4007-A19D-053BD0058F25 Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan - Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321, 05508 - 090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. luiz.moura.lfm@gmail.com Author Brescovit, Antonio Domingos D5B81D79-AFAE-47B1-8A6E-DAB448A24BCC Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan - Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. antonio.brescovit@butantan.gov.br text European Journal of Taxonomy 2021 2021-03-31 742 1 77 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291 journal article 7531 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291 62f9dc57-bade-4fbc-8af7-f92ff107593c 2118-9773 4655404 23424EC3-8440-4C72-AD9E-C1EC3087F7CA Tafana pastaza sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 89787AA8-5ECB-4826-BA94-616D473519D5 Figs 8L , 16 , 32K , 35 Diagnosis Males of Tafana pastaza sp. nov. differ from those of the other species of this genus by having the apophysis at the base of the embolus bifid, primary apophysis ‘S-shaped’ and secondary apophysis large, retrolateral projection of the cymbium keel-shaped ( Fig. 16C–E ). Females differ from the others by presenting internal copulatory ducts long and sinuous, with a globose extension proximally of the copulatory ducts ( Figs 16F–G , 32K ). Etymology The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality, Pastaza Valley. Material examined Holotype ECUADOR • 1 ♂ ; Tungurahua Province , Pastaza Valley , between Baños and Mera ; [ 01°04′00″ N , 78°00′24″ W ]; 1 Mar. 1949 ; W.C. Macintyre leg.; AMNH . Paratype ECUADOR • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; AMNH . Remark The male specimen is in very bad shape, having lost the chelicerae and almost all the legs, and with the abdomen partially deteriorated ( Fig. 16A ). Description Male ( holotype , AMNH) COLOR. Exemplar discolored. Carapace reddish brown (16A). Labium, sternum and endites reddish brown. Legs reddish, only right femur IV and left femur III intact. Abdomen discolored ( Fig. 16A ). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 8.5, carapace length 3.3, width 2.9. Clypeus height 0.08. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.1; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.06, PME– PME 0.16, PME–PLE 0.20, ALE–PLE 0.06. LEG MEASUREMENTS. III—femur 3.2; IV—femur 4.38. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis conical and curved, apical protuberance on the tibia in retrolateral view; cymbium with retrolateral projection keel-shaped; embolus long; subtegulum prolateral projected; ventral tegular process not present; sperm duct secondary loop reaching apex of the tegulum; median apophysis thick and curved at the apex ( Fig. 16C–E ). ABDOMEN. Length 5.0, epigastric furrow 1.1 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 3.2 from base of spinnerets. Female ( paratype , AMNH) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace reddish brown ( Fig. 16B ). Labium, sternum and endites reddish brown. Chelicerae reddish brown. Legs I–IV yellow, darker at tarsi. Abdomen yellowish gray with dark spots ( Fig. 16B ). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 9.3, carapace length 3.8, width 3.2. Clypeus height 0.12. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.1, ALE 0.18, PME 0.18, PLE 0.18; AME–AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.04, PME– PME 0.2, PME–PLE 0.18, ALE–PLE 0.08. Chelicerae 1.6 long, with four promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles. Fig. 16. Tafana pastaza sp. nov. (A, C–E =holotype, ♂, AMNH; B, F–G= paratype, ♀, AMNH). A . Habitus, dorsal view. B . Habitus, dorsal view. C . Left palp, ventral view. D . Left palp, retrolateral view (arrow indicating apical salience). E . Left palp, retrodorsal view (arrow indicating apical salience). F . Epigynum, ventral view. G . Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A=atrium; CD =copulatory ducts; CO=copulatory opening; E =embolus; FD =fertilization ducts; H =hood; LL = lateral lobes; MA =median apophysis; PA= patellar apophysis; pABE =primary apophysis of base of the embolus; RP= retrolateral projection; RTA=retrolateral tibial apophysis; sABE =secondary apophysis of base of the embolus; S1 =primary spermathecae; S2 =secondary spermathecae; ST=subtegulum, T=tegulum. Asterisks to globose membranous extension of proximal copulatory ducts. Scale bars: A–B =3.5 mm; C–E= 0.66 mm; F–G =0.25 mm. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 4.4 /patella 1.7/ tibia 4.7/ metatarsus 3.6/ tarsus 1.8 /total 16.2; II— 4.5/ 1.7/ 4.5 /3.4 / 1.7/ 15.8; III—3.3 /1.4 / 2.5/ 3.1/ 1.3/ 11.6; IV—3.9/ 1.4/ 3.3 /4.0 / 1.4/ 14.0. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus p1-0-0, r1-1-0; III—tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0. EPIGYNUM. Hood circular; atrium small; epigynal plate without posterior region covered with sclerotized cuticle; lateral lobes chalice-shaped. Internally, copulatory ducts long and narrow; primary spermathecae oval; secondary spermatechae in the middle of the copulatory ducts; fertilization ducts long, two times the length of primary spermathecae ( Figs 16F–G , 32K ). ABDOMEN. Length 5.3, epigastric furrow 1.3 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 2.0 from base of spinnerets. Distribution Known only from Pastaza Valley, Ecuador ( Fig. 35 ).