Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species Author De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. 06C42876-2925-4007-A19D-053BD0058F25 Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan - Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321, 05508 - 090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. luiz.moura.lfm@gmail.com Author Brescovit, Antonio Domingos D5B81D79-AFAE-47B1-8A6E-DAB448A24BCC Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan - Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. antonio.brescovit@butantan.gov.br text European Journal of Taxonomy 2021 2021-03-31 742 1 77 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291 journal article 7531 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291 62f9dc57-bade-4fbc-8af7-f92ff107593c 2118-9773 4655404 23424EC3-8440-4C72-AD9E-C1EC3087F7CA Tafana silhavyi ( Caporiacco, 1955 ) Figs 6E , 8A–B, G–K , 9A, C–D , 22–23 , 33C , 34 Anyphaena silhavyi Caporiacco, 1955: 386 , fig. 51a–b (type: male holotype from El Junquito, Venezuela , deposited in MUCV, examined). Tafana silhavyi – Brescovit 1997: 90 . Diagnosis Males of Tafana silhavyi resemble those of T. chimirae sp. nov. , T. maracay sp. nov. , T. arawak sp. nov. and T. pittieri sp. nov. by having the laminar apophysis at the base of the embolus, but differ by presenting a secondary looping with wide curvature ( Figs 9A , 22C ). Females resemble those of T. maracay sp. nov. and T. arawak sp. nov. by having the wide atrium, but differ by having the copulatory ducts extremely large in the anterior region ( Figs 22F–G , 33C ). Material examined Holotype VENEZUELA • ♂ ; Federal District , El Junquito ; [ 10°28′0″ N , 67°5′00″ W ]; Marcuzzi leg.; MUCV 741 . Other material VENEZUELA – Aragua • 2 ♂♂ , 10 ♀♀ ; Colonia Tovar ; [ 10°24′20″ N , 67°17′22″ W ]; no date ; E. Simon leg.; MNHN 11312 • 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 258184 . Description Male (MNHN 11312) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace orange with cephalic region dark ( Fig. 22A ). Labium, sternum and endites yellow. Chelicerae reddish. Legs I–IV yellow, darker at tarsi. Abdomen gray with dark spots ( Fig. 22A ). Fig. 22. Tafana silhavyi ( Caporiacco, 1955 ) (A, C–E= ♂, MNHN 11312; B, F–G=♀, MNHN 11312). A . Habitus, dorsal view. B . Habitus, dorsal view. C . Left palp, ventral view. D . Left palp, retrolateral view. E . Left palp, dorsal view. F . Epigynum, ventral view (arrow indicating character). G . Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A= atrium; ABE =apophysis of base of the embolus; CD=copulatory ducts; CO =copulatory opening; Ch =character; E= embolus; FD =fertilization ducts; H =hood; LL=lateral lobes; MA =median apophysis; PA=patellar apophysis; RP=retrolateral projection; RTA=retrolateral tibial apophysis; S1=primary spermathecae; S2 =secondary spermathecae; SD =sperm duct;T =tegulum; VTP =ventral tegular process. Scale bars: A–B =2.16 mm; C–G =0.25 mm. MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.2, carapace length 1.73, width 1.1. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.12, PME 0.1, PLE 0.1; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.02, PME– PME 0.1, PME–PLE 0.06, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 0.9 long, with four promarginal teeth and seven retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 1.9 /patella 0.7/ tibia 2.1/ metatarsus 1.8/ tarsus 0.7 /total 7.2; II— 1.7/ 0.7/ 1.13 / 1.49 / 0.65 / 5.67; III—1.3 /0.5 / 0.9/ 1.1/ 0.4/ 4.2; IV—1.9 / 0.7/ 1.5/ 1.9/ 0.5/ 6.5. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0-1-0, r0-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, metatarsus p0-1-0, r0-1-0; III—tibia v1-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; IV—tibia p1-1-1. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis short and curved; cymbium with retrolateral projection; projection at the base of the embolus laminar and coiled; embolus long, with large base and narrow apex; median apophysis long and curved apically; ventral tegular process hyaline and short; sperm duct an inverted ‘S-shape’ ( Figs 22C–E , 23A–C ). ABDOMEN. Length 2.4, epigastric furrow 0.6 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.2 from base of spinnerets. Female (MNHN 11312) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Coloration as in males of this species ( Fig. 22B ). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.4, carapace length 1.45, width 1.3. Clypeus height 0.04. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.08, PME 0.06, PLE 0.08; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.1, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 0.6 long, with four promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 1.3 /patella 0.6/ tibia 1.3/ metatarsus 1.1/ tarsus 0.5 /total 4.8; II— 1.2/ 0.6/ 1.13 / 1.0/ 0.5 /4.43; III—1.0/ 0.4/ 0.7 /0.9 /0.4 / 3.4; IV—1.4/ 0.5 /1.1 / 1.3/ 0.48 / 4.78. Fig. 23. Tafana silhavyi ( Caporiacco, 1955 ) , ♂ (MNHN 13312). A . Left palp, ventral view. B . Left palp, frontal view. C . Left palp, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: ABE =apophysis of base of the embolus; C =cymbium; E= embolus; MA=median apophysis; RP=retrolateral projection; RTA=retrolateral tibial apophysis; T =tegulum. Scale bars: A, C =0.4 mm; B=0.2 mm. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-0-0, r1-0-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1- 1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus p1-0-0, r1-0-0; III—tibia v1-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1-2; IV—tibia v1-2-2, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1-2. EPIGYNUM. Hood triangular and sclerotized, connecting with lateral lobes; atrium large; epigynal plate covered by cuticle in the posterior region; lateral lobes sinuous. Internally, copulatory ducts large in the anterior region; primary spermathecae oval; secondary spermathecae small, above the primary spermathecae; fertilization ducts long ( Figs 22F–G , 33C ). ABDOMEN. Length 2.9, epigastric furrow 0.8 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.1 from base of spinnerets. Variation Two males: total length 4.1–4.4; carapace 1.83–1.9; femur I 1.7–1.9. Ten females: total length 4.0–6.2; carapace 1.6–2.3; femur I 1.3–1.9. Distribution Venezuela ( Fig. 34 ).