Adriatic calcarean sponges (Porifera, Calcarea), with the description of six new species and a richness analysis Author Klautau, Michelle C6BB3D65-7166-4A2A-AF2B-7F13EE94F485 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941 - 902 Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: C 6 BB 3 D 65 - 7166 - 4 A 2 A-AF 2 B- 7 F 13 EE 94 F 485 & Corresponding authors: mklautau @ biologia. ufrj. br; mimesek @ irb. hr mklautau@biologia.ufrj.br Author Imešek, Mirna 5461D38C-E1B5-48B1-A41B-0134F337A143 Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Molecular Biology, Bijenička cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 5461 D 38 C-E 1 B 5 - 48 B 1 - A 41 B- 0134 F 337 A 143 & Corresponding authors: mklautau @ biologia. ufrj. br; mimesek @ irb. hr mklautau@biologia.ufrj.br Author Azevedo, Fernanda DC0BE6B4-F24F-4765-BA2B-ED17D774B2B7 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941 - 902 Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. & E-mail: nandaporifera @ gmail. com & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: DC 0 BE 6 B 4 - F 24 F- 4765 - BA 2 B-ED 17 D 774 B 2 B 7 Author Pleše, Bruna C9E3BEB1-01E6-44A4-807B-4800E9393C09 Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Molecular Biology, Bijenička cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia. & E-mail: bplese @ irb. hr & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: C 9 E 3 BEB 1 - 01 E 6 - 44 A 4 - 807 B- 4800 E 9393 C 09 Author Nikolić, Vedran 84828CF3-6BA3-4541-AEF2-24422CEA0179 Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Laboratory for Benthos, P. O. Box 500, 21000, Split, Croatia. Equally contributed & E-mail: nikolic @ izor. hr & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 84828 CF 3 - 6 BA 3 - 4541 - AEF 2 - 24422 CEA 0179 Author Ćetković, Helena BD5D084E-8AAE-4CBA-991B-0901EB6C8DE1 Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Molecular Biology, Bijenička cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia. & E-mail: cetkovic @ irb. hr & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: BD 5 D 084 E- 8 AAE- 4 CBA- 991 B- 0901 EB 6 C 8 DE 1 text European Journal of Taxonomy 2016 2016-03-02 178 1 52 journal article 22049 10.5852/ejt.2016.178 2fb82473-fc03-4cd0-87ab-4948df6faf23 2118-9773 3832959 E70C7637-C476-46CA-BAA7-BA959E0E64F5 Ascandra spalatensis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A5DC68F2-D856-4492-AF50-E5F6A1A7FD8A Fig. 3 ; Table 3 Etymology From the type locality. Spalato is an Italian name for Split, the largest city of the Dalmatian region. Fig. 3. Ascandra spalatensis sp. nov. , holotype (PMR 17806 = UFRJPOR 7540). A . Specimen in ethanol. B . Tangential section. C . Triactines. D . Tetractines. E . Apical actine of a tetractine. Table 3. Spicule measurements of the holotype of Ascandra spalatensis sp. nov. (PMR-17806 = UFRJPOR 7540).

length (µm)		width (µm)
Spicule	Actine	min	mean	sd	max	min	mean	sd	max	n
Triactine	Basal	43.2	90.5	17.2	113.4	6.8	8.0	0.8	9.5	20
Tetractine	Basal	51.3	99.4	16.9	135.0	8.1	12.0	1.6	14.9	21
Apical	72.9	74.3	1.9	75.6	10.8	10.8	0	10.8	2

Material examined Holotype ADRIATIC SEA: near Zadar, 44°08'14.8" N , 15°12'38.2" E , 1 m , collected by V . Nikolić, 13 Feb. 2011 (PMR-17806 = UFRJPOR 7540, in ethanol). Colour White in ethanol. Description The sponge is small, only a fragment, but it is possible to recognise large and loosely anastomosed tubes, typical of Ascandra ( Fig. 3A ). The skeleton is composed of triactines and a few tetractines ( Fig. 3B ). Spicules ( Table 3 ) TRIACTINES. Regular (equiangular and equiradiate), but there are also subregular (sagittal) spicules. Actines are cylindrical to slightly conical with sharp tips ( Fig. 3C ). Size: 90.5/8.0 µm. TETRACTINES. Regular (equiangular and equiradiate) or subregular. Actines are strongly conical with sharp tips ( Fig. 3D ). The apical actine is shorter than the basal ones, thick, conical, sharp and smooth ( Fig. 3E ). Size (basal actine): 99.4/12.0 µm; 74.3/ 10.8 µm (apical actine). Ecology The specimen was collected on a shaded, vertical hard bottom. Remarks The genus Ascandra is so far composed of 13 species: A. falcata Haeckel, 1872 ; A. ascandroides ( Borojević, 1971 ) ; A. atlantica (Thacker, 1908) ; A. biscayae ( Borojević & Boury-Esnault, 1987 ) ; A. brandtae (Rapp et al. , 2013) ; A. contorta (Bowerbank, 1866) ; A. corallicola (Rapp, 2006) ; A. crewsi Van Soest & De Voogd, 2015 ; A. densa Haeckel, 1872 ; A. kakaban Van Soest & De Voogd, 2015 ; A. loculosa (Dendy, 1891) ; A. minchini Borojević, 1966 ; and A. sertularia Haeckel, 1872 . In 2013, Klautau et al. proposed the following diagnosis for Ascandra : “ Calcinea with loosely anastomosed tubes. Tubes are free, at least in the apical region. The skeleton contains regular (equiangular and equiradiate) or sagittal triactines and tetractines. Tetractines are the main spicules, occurring at least in the same proportion as the triactines. They have very thin (needle-like) apical actines. Diactines may be added. Asconoid aquiferous system.” After the discovery of A. spalatensis sp. nov. , we propose here an emendation to this diagnosis: “ Calcinea with loosely anastomosed tubes. Tubes are free, at least in the apical region. The skeleton contains regular (equiangular and equiradiate) or sagittal triactines and tetractines. The apical actine is very thin (” needle-like) or very thick at the base. Diactines may be added. Asconoid aquiferous system. Our new species is a very typical Ascandra , with apically free, loosely anastomosed tubes. Its skeleton is very similar to that of A. ascandroides , i.e., composed of triactines and tetractines, the former being more abundant than the latter and the apical actine of the tetractines being very thick at the base. Both species, however, can be differentiated by the size of the spicules ( A. ascandroides - triactines: 90–130(±20)–163 /13(±2); small tetractines: 107.5–164.5(±35)–260/16.5(±2.8); large tetractines: 193.8–313.1(±63.2)– 418.2/39.8(±8.2)). Moreover, A. ascandroides has two categories of tetractines and A. spalatensis sp. nov. only one. In our ITS tree ( Fig. 16 ) this species is well nested within the Ascandra clade, with high support values in both, Bayesian and ML analyses.