Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910 Author Chen, Hsuan-Pu CA33BB9B-9BDC-4497-9768-AD750874E7C4 Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. pooh890510@gmail.com Author Lee, Mao-Ying 761CF9F8-ABD7-4DA5-9326-D4160526731C Marine Fisheries Division, Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 199 Hou-Ih Road, Keelung 202008, Taiwan. coleopetera@gmail.com Author Chen, Wei-Jen 4D399FDB-F893-422E-A8A2-ACC18F40FCFD Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. wjchen.actinops@gmail.com text European Journal of Taxonomy 2024 2024-07-15 943 239 287 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2599 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2599 2118-9773 12806098 4EEAB64C-EB8D-4208-9EE2-76FA07201EED Key to world species of Lophiomus 1. Floor of mouth without conspicuous dark marking ( Fig. 12D ); dorsal-fin spines 5; OPSOP less than 30% of HW ............................................................................................ Lm. immaculioralis sp. nov. – Floor of mouth with conspicuous dark markings ( Figs 8D, H , 9C, G , 10C , 11D, H , 13D, H , 14D ); dorsal-fin spines 6; OPSOP more than 30% of HW ......................................................................... 2 2. Body color brown ( Fig. 8A, C, E, G ); floor of mouth with irregular or circular pale pattern on dark background ( Fig. 8D, H ); pectoral-fin rays 21–23 (mostly 22, rarely 21 and 23) ( Table 6 ) .............. .................................................................................................................. Lm. setigerus (Vahl, 1797) – Body color brown or pale khaki ( Figs 10–11 , 13 ); the floor of mouth not as above; pectoral-fin rays not less than 23 ................................................................................................................................. 3 3. Peritoneum light ( Fig. 9 ); floor of mouth with anastomosing dark patterns in the middle ( Figs 10C , 11D, H ); pectoral-fin rays 24–25; pelvic-fin rays 7 .................. Lm. laticeps ( Ogilby, 1910 ) stat. rev. – Peritoneum black (at least in adults) ( Figs 13B , 14B ); floor of mouth with reticulate pattern ( Figs 13D, H , 14D ); pectoral-fin rays 23–24; pelvic-fin rays 6 or 7 ................................................................... 4 4. Body color pale khaki ( Fig. 13A, C, E, G ); esca pennant-like flap without cirri ( Fig. 16C ); pelvic-fin rays 6; DS4 8.4–17.3% of the SL; SNW 31.8–39.5%, ISP 40.6–45.4%, OPSOP 47.3–53.6% of the HL ............................................................................................................... Lm. nigriventris sp. nov. – Body color brown ( Fig. 14A–B ); esca tassel-like or pennant-like flap with moderately long cirri ( Fig. 16E–F ); pelvic-fin rays 7; DS4 16.7–24.0% of the SL; SNW 41.9–55.7%, ISP 48.6–56.7%, OPSOP 55.5–65.7% of the HL .......................................................................... Lm. carusoi sp. nov.