Four new species of the genus Xynobius Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Opiinae) from South Korea Author Han, Yunjong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2757-7785 Animal Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea Author van Achterberg, Cornelis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6495-4853 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands Author Kim, Hyojoong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1706-2991 Animal Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea hkim@kunsan.ac.kr text ZooKeys 2024 2024-03-07 1193 219 243 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1193.115831 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1193.115831 1313-2970-1193-219 F675478E363D4B95ADFA06388171FDBA F77A003447BB51FB9A66454B818DA1A9 Xynobius duoferus Han & van Achterberg sp. nov. Figs 29 , 30-41 Type material. Holotype . ♀ (NIBR), "South Korea: Jangam Cave, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon prov., 37°23'54.2"N , 128°25'24.2"E , 11.vii.2020, SW [= collected by sweeping], Hyojoong Kim leg., KSNU". Figure 29. Xynobius duoferus Han & van Achterberg, sp. nov., holotype, ♀, habitus, lateral. Diagnosis. Dorsope distinct (Fig. 37 ); first metasomal tergite with straight longitudinal striae; notauli complete and narrowly crenulate (Fig. 32 ); mesoscutum largely smooth and sparsely setose medially; second tergite striate-rugose medially; 20th to 26th antennal segments of ♀ white followed by two dark apical segments. Figures 30-41. Xynobius duoferus Han & van Achterberg, sp. nov., holotype, ♀ 30 wings 31 mesosoma, lateral view 32 mesosoma, dorsal view 33 metasoma, dorsal view 34 head, anterior view 35 head, dorsal view 36 propodeum, dorsal view 37 1st metasomal tergite, dorsal view 38 ovipositor and its sheath, lateral view 39 basal part of antenna 40 apical part of antenna 41 antenna. Description. Female; length of body 2.0 mm, of fore wing 2.5 mm. Head . Antenna with 28 segments and 1.6 x longer than body; third segment of antenna 5.8 x longer than wide and 1.1 x longer than fourth segment (Figs 39 , 41 ); depression of frons present near antennal sockets (Fig. 34 ); eye ~ 2.5 x longer than temple in dorsal view (Fig. 35 ); frons and vertex smooth, glabrous and moderately setose; face largely shiny, smooth and densely setose, but granulate latero-dorsally; median keel present; clypeus twice wider than its maximum height (Fig. 34 ); clypeus semi-circular, moderately setose, and ventral margin of clypeus straight and above upper level of condyles of mandible; hypoclypeal depression present; length of maxillary palp nearly 0.9 x as long as height of head; malar sulcus absent; occipital carina absent dorsally; mandible triangular in lateral view, hardly twisted and gradually widened basally (Fig. 34 ). Mesosoma . Mesosoma 1.4 x longer than its height; pronotal side largely smooth and smooth groove present along its ventral margin; propleuron smooth and sparsely setose, without transverse carinae; mesopleuron largely smooth and sparsely setose antero-dorsally and postero-ventrally, but precoxal sulcus oblique, medium-sized and densely crenulate; epicnemial area smooth (Fig. 31 ); mesopleural sulcus smooth; anterior groove of metapleuron smooth; metapleuron reticulate-rugose and moderately setose (Fig. 31 ); notauli complete on disc of mesoscutum and narrowly crenulate; mesoscutum smooth, largely glabrous but middle lobe sparsely setose (Fig. 32 ); medio-posterior depression of mesoscutum round and shallow; scutellar sulcus wide and crenulate (Fig. 32 ); scutellum largely smooth and glabrous, rather flat in lateral view and protruding above level of mesoscutum; propodeum rugose with long medio-longitudinal carina, transverse carinae, and areola, remainder of propodeum largely smooth (Figs 32 , 36 ). Wings . Fore wing (Fig. 30 ): pterostigma triangular and rather directly narrowed apically; vein 1-SR+M almost straight; vein 3-SR sublinear with vein r, converging with vein 2-M and 1.6 x longer than vein 2-SR; vein 2-SR almost straight; vein SR1 straight, 2.0 x longer than vein 3-SR; vein 1-M straight; r: 3-SR: SR1 = 5: 40: 84; vein m-cu distinctly postfurcal, converging to vein 1-M posteriorly and angled with vein 2-M; first subdiscal cell transverse and closed; vein CU1b present. Hind wing (Fig. 30 ): vein m-cu absent; vein 1r-m 0.8 x as long as vein 1-M; vein 2-M pigmented. Legs . Hind femur 4.5 x longer than its maximum width (Fig. 29 ). Metasoma . First metasomal tergite 1.5 x longer than its apical width; first tergite gradually widened apically and its surface densely longitudinally striate postero-medially, and remainder of tergite shiny and smooth (Fig. 37 ); dorsope present and surrounded by strongly curved dorsal carinae (Fig. 37 ); second metasomal suture absent dorsally (Fig. 33 ); second tergite striate-rugose medially except a pair of droplet-shaped impressions anteriorly; following tergites shiny, smooth and moderately setose posteriorly (Fig. 33 ); setose part of ovipositor sheath ~ 1.2 x longer than first tergite and 0.1 x as long as fore wing (Fig. 38 ). Colour . Body generally brown to black (Fig. 29 ); entire head, transverse band below the precoxal sulcus, tarsi, inside of dorsope, and first and second tergites dorsally dark brown; legs, remaining tergites, ovipositor, and basal segments (1st-6th) of antenna brown; palp pale yellowish or white; apical segments (20th-26th) of antenna white to white-brown; pterostigma and veins of wings pale brown; wings subhyaline. Distribution. South Korea. Biology. Unknown. Etymology. Name derived from duo (Latin for two) and - fero (suffix in Latin meaning carrying or having), because of the two apical dark antennal segments. Remarks. This species runs to Xynobius notauliferus Li & van Achterberg, 2013 in the key by Li et al. (2013) . It differs by having the length of maxillary palp 0.9 x height of head (1.4 x in X. notauliferus ), face smooth, but granulate latero-dorsally (smooth), clypeus twice wider than high (1.6 x wider than its maximum height), first metasomal tergite 1.5 x longer than its apical width (length 1.3 x ), antenna of ♀ with two apical antennal segments dark brown (6 or 7 such segments), pterostigma directly narrowed distally (gradually narrowed) and outer side of hind femur without brownish patch (with patch).