Revision of Neotropical Scythrididae moths and descriptions of 22 new species from Argentina, Chile, and Peru (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea) Author Nupponen 1, Kari Merenneidontie 19 D, FI- 02320 Espoo, Finland Author Sihvonen, Pasi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-9325 Finnish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 17, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland pasi.sihvonen@helsinki.fi text ZooKeys 2022 2022-02-22 1087 19 104 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1087.64382 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1087.64382 1313-2970-1087-19 94F2384E640E4A58B8B4D9D06675D2C2 ECD9B4DC2A3357AABC04DB88FB7D40B1 Scythris zeugmatica Meyrick, 1931 Figs 17 , 48 Scythris zeugmatica Meyrick, 1931. Exotic Microlepidoptera 4 (part 6): 179. Material examined. Holotype (fixed by monotypy, Art. 73.1.2 ( ICZN 2000 ). Brazil • ♂ ; Santarem ; 8.19.; Parish leg.; [genitalia slide] JFGC No. 8050; NHMUK ID 010922366; NHMUK slide ID 010316662; coll. NHMUK. Diagnosis. A small species (10 mm), externally resembles to some extent S. zeugmatica with similar whitish streak on forewing. Scythris zeugmatica is readily separated from the other described species by characters in the male genitalia, particularly by bilobed uncus, a peculiar vertical sclerotisation with lateral expansion (homology unclear), and broad, symmetrical valvae with a small subapical ventral tooth. Description. The original description is quoted: "Wingspan ♂ 10 mm. Head whitish. Palpi whitish, terminal joint suffused grey. Thorax bronzy-grey. Abdomen dark grey, beneath whitish-ochreous. Forewings elongate-lanceolate; rather dark purple-grey; a rather broad suffused yellow-whitish streak along fold throughout, crossed at its middle by a fasciate bar reaching dorsum but not reaching costa, beyond this attenuated and indistinct, but expanded into an oval spot on tornus, a somewhat inwards-oblique spot on costa towards apex rather beyond this: cilia grey. Hindwings 0.75, grey; cilia grey." Male genitalia . Uncus bilobed, basally fused by narrow transverse sclerotisation. Gnathos base U-shaped. Tegumen hood-shaped, anterior margin medially deeply cleft. Ventrad of tegumen are situated two sclerotised, vertical structures (homologies are unclear): other rather straight with sharp apexes (Fig. 48 on left), other slightly longer, at middle triangularly extended (Fig. 48 on right). Valva broad and straight, dorsal margin at basal quarter somewhat folded; ventrally slightly broadened beyond middle, subapically with small triangular tooth. Saccus short, triangular, at base with small digitate process. Sternum VIII trapezoid, anterolaterally with small lobes, posteriorly with pair of stout parallel horn-like projections. Tergum VIII subrectangular, laterally concave, anterior margin sclerotised. Distribution. Brazil. Remarks. Female unknown. DNA barcode is not available yet for S. zeugmatica . We place S. zeugmatica in the Scythris directiphallella species group based on morphology. It has a similar long and slim gnathos, long and slim phallus, and male sternum VIII has sharp posterior shanks.