Revisions and key to the Vernonieae (Compositae) of Thailand Author Bunwong, Sukhonthip Maejo University Phrae Campus, Mae Sai, Rong Kwang, Phrae 54140, Thailand Author Chantaranothai, Pranom Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand Author Keeley, Sterling C. Department of Botany, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA text PhytoKeys 2014 2014-05-13 37 25 101 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.37.6499 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.37.6499 1314-2003-37-25 FFE8FFACFF84FFA95573FFFECD03F742 576215 Vernonieae Cassini, J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 82: 132. 1816. Serratula noveboracensis L., Sp. Pl.: 818. 1753. Type. Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3: 1632. 1803. Herbs, shrubs, vines or trees. Stems acaulescent or caulescent. Leaves simple, usually alternate sometimes opposite or ternate, petiolate or sessile; lamina ovate, obovate, lanceolate, oblanceolate or elliptic, pubescent, margin serrate or entire, apex rounded, acute or acuminate, base cuneate or attenuate, membranaceous, chartaceous or coriaceous. Capitulescences terminal or axillary, solitary, paniculate or corymbiform with cymose branches, sometimes spicate. Capitula discoid, homogamous, pedunculate or sessile, florets bisexual and fertile. Involucres with numerous, imbricate, persistent bracts. Florets purple to white, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, lobes 3-5, pubescent or glabrous. Anthers usually 5, purple to yellow or white, syngenesious bases usually calcarate. Styles purple to white, 2-branched, inner surface covered with stigmatic papillae, outer surface covered with sweeping hairs. Achenes subterete, clavate or obovate, 3-10-ribbed, carpopodium present or absent . Pappus present or absent; if present bristly or coroniform, in 1-2 series, persistent or deciduous. Pollen echinate or lophate, 3-porate, 6-porate or 3-colporate, with or without micropuncta. Key to the genera

1	Corolla strongly zygomorphic, liguliform with single deepest sinus	2
-	Corolla actinomorphic, without single deepest sinus	3
2	Pappus of straight bristles	Elephantopus
-	Pappus of contorted bristles	Pseudelephantopus
3	Pappus absent	4
-	Pappus present	5
4	Achenes with 7-10 ribs; pollen lophate and sub-3-colporate	Iodocephalopsis
-	Achenes with 4-6 ribs; pollen non-lophate	Ethulia
5	Corolla 3- or 4-lobed; capitula appearing sessile; pappus thick and coroniform	Struchium
-	Corolla 5-lobed; capitula mostly pedunculate; pappus of bristles	6
6	Vines, scandent shrubs or trees	7
-	Herbs or subshrubs	11
7	Achenes less than 2.5 mm long; involucres less than 4 mm long; pollen not or weakly sublophate, with continuous perforated tectum between colpi	8
-	Achenes more than 2.5 mm long; involucre more than 4 mm long; pollen lophate, with or without continuous perforated tectum between colpi	9
8	Achenes glabrous; involucre glanduliferous; stems and leaves sericeous with long-armed T-shaped trichomes	Tarlmounia
-	Achenes pubescent; involucre eglanduliferous; leaves and stems not sericeous with T-shaped trichomes	Strobocalyx
9	Involucres 7-10 mm long; pollen psilolophate with high muri	Monosis
-	Involucres 4-5 mm long; pollen strongly echinate	10
10	Small trees or shrubs; corolla tubes broad, not closely investing the style shaft	Gymnanthemum
-	Scandent shrubs; corolla tubes slender, closely investing style shaft	Decaneuropsis
11	Pappus in one series, without strongly differentiated outer series	12
-	Pappus in 2 series	14
12	Plants leafless at anthesis; pappus persistent; pollen echinate, 3-colporate	Kurziella
-	Plants with persistent leaves; pappus caduceus; pollen lophate	13
13	Achenes obovate, without evident carpopodia; phyllaries not reflexed; pollen 6-porate	Camchaya
-	Achenes oblong; phyllaries reflexed; pollen 3-porate	Koyamasia
14	Pappus of flattened setae	Pulicarioidea
-	Pappus of capillary bristles not dilated at the base	15
15	Leaves and stems with T-shaped hairs	Cyanthillium
-	Leaves and stems without T-shaped hairs	16
16	Peduncles fistulose, 25-40 cm long	Okia
-	Peduncles not fistulose, mostly less than 15 cm long	Acilepis