Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar Author Ünal, Mustafa text Zootaxa 2016 4206 1 1 223 journal article 37403 10.11646/zootaxa.4206.1.1 5c5bff7d-ea8c-4893-b03e-a8b5c5904514 1175-5326 208260 E1566C02-9987-4116-83AA-91D3D1DCF2FF Key to species groups, species and subspecies of Paranothrotes 1 Hind femur strongly and irregularly dentate on dorsal margin and with strongly undulate ventral margin ( Fig. 439 )......................................................................................... P. dentatus Ünal , sp. nov. - Hind femur in usual form, with regularly and finely serrated dorsal margin Figs. 440–442 ).......................... 2 2 Arolium wide, triangular reaching to half of claws on fore legs ( Fig. 443 ); body very small (female: 27.7 mm , male: unknown)............................................................................... P. buzuldagi Ünal , sp. nov. - Arolium narrow, not reaching to half of claws on fore legs ( Fig. 444 ); body distinctly larger......................... 3 3 Apical valves of penis very slender, small, not covered by the sheath of penis ventrally; lateral aperture of the sheath of penis absent; arch of zygoma strongly widened at apex ( Figs. 55 a, b, d, 56a, b, d); pseudolophi on epiphallus longitudinally oval ( Figs. 55 c, 56c); body surface quite smooth, with weak tubercles............................ ( P. opacus sp. group)...4 - Apical valves of penis stout and larger, covered by the sheath of penis ventrally in posterior view; lateral aperture of the sheath of penis present; arch of zygoma very narrow ( Figs. 57 a, b, d, 58a, b, d); pseudolophi on epiphallus transversally oval ( Figs. 57 c, 58c); body surface always with distinct tubercles........................................................7 4 Arch of zygoma strongly raised ( Fig. 55 a); abdominal tergites distinctly raised, with sharp posterior projections ( Figs. 477– 480 ); typical light bands on paranota reaching to median carina in male ( Figs. 477–478 ); body strongly compressed laterally; male phallic complex as in Figs. 55 a, b, c, d................................................. P. sulcatus Bolívar - Arch of zygoma almost flat or slightly raised ( Fig. 56 a); abdominal tergites simple or slightly raised, with very smaller and blunter posterior projections ( Figs. 481–485 ); typical light bands on paranota reaching to lateral carina in male ( Figs. 481, 483 ); body relatively less compressed laterally............................................................. 5 5 Vertex in female narrow between the eyes, as wide as vertical diameter of eye or slightly wider (male unknown), with distinct carinulae and tubercles; fastigium of vertex narrow and elongated ( Fig. 445 )................... P. ocellatus Mistshenko - Vertex in female wide between the eyes, 1.5 times wider than vertical diameter of eye, with weak carinulae and tubercles; fastigium of vertex clearly short and wide ( Fig. 446 )........................................................... 6 6 Hind tibia orange or bright red in both sexes; male phallic complex as in Figs. 56 a, b, c, d....... P. opacus opacus Brunner - Hind tibia mainly black in both sexes, sometimes blackish or dark red in male; and bluish, greenish, or body color with weak bluish stains or fully body color in female........................................... P. opacus rectus Mistshenko 7 Body lighter in both sexes, mostly in various shades of brown; typical light band on abdomen always distinct in male ( Fig. 447 ); median carinula of vertex not reaching to anterior margin of eye; arch of zygoma shorter and wider; hind femur in female yellowish-cream, reddish or light grey on inner surface; ventral surface of hind femur in male at most dark grey; abdominal tergites relatively raised, with a sharp posterior projection ( Figs. 499–506 ), if simple then body clearly small ( Fig. 497–498 ).................................................................................................... 8 - Body strongly darkened, blackish dark grey in male, dark brown, blackish-brown or dark grey in female; typical light band on abdomen absent in male ( Fig. 448 ); median carinula of vertex long, reaching to anterior margin of eye; arch of zygoma longer and narrower; hind femur and tibia in both sexes black on inner and ventral surfaces; abdominal tergites simple, not raised, at most with a small posterior projection ( Figs. 507–512 ); body distinctly large...................( P. nigripes sp. group)...19 8 Body less compressed laterally and clearly low in lateral view, almost cylindrical (more distinct in female) ( Figs. 486–494 ); median carina of pronotum and abdominal tergites not raised or slightly raised without posterior projection; basal half of hind femur not strongly widened, gradually narrowing towards genicular lobes (especially in male), dorsal margin very finely serrated ( Fig. 449 )............................................................... ( P. gotvendicus sp. group)...9 - Body compressed laterally and high in lateral view ( Figs. 499–506 ); median carina of pronotum relatively, abdominal tergites distinctly raised with distinct sharper posterior projection; basal half of hind femur distinctly widened, stout, sharply narrowing towards genicular lobes (especially in male), dorsal margin with more distinct denticles ( Fig. 450 ).................................................................................................. ( P. margaritae sp. group)...16 9 Median carina of pronotum without longitudinal sulcus or distinct only anteriorly, if visible along its length then always clearly narrowing backwards ( Figs. 451–452 ); arch of zygoma not raised ( Fig. 57 a).................................... 10 - Median carina of pronotum with a distinct and wide longitudinal sulcus along its length, not narrowing backwards ( Figs. 553– 554 ); arch of zygoma distinctly raised ( Figs. 58 a, 59a)...................................................... 13 10 Longitudinal sulcus of median carina of pronotum absent; female unknown..................... P. asulcatus Demirsoy - Longitudinal sulcus of median carina of pronotum present at least anteriorly.................................... 11 11 Frontal ridge distinctly incised just below the median ocellus; basal part of supra-anal plate smooth, without median longitudi- nal sulcus; inner surfaces of hind femur and tibia whitish, slightly reddish. Male unknown.......... P. kosswigi Demirsoy - Frontal ridge slightly or not incised just below the median ocellus; supra-anal plate with median longitudinal sulcus along its length; inner surface of hind tibia red or black............................................................ 12 12 Median carina of pronotum with longitudinal sulcus visible only anteriorly ( Fig. 451 ); inner surface of hind tibia red; hind femur with black inner surface; fastigium of vertex strongly depressed................... P. eximius eximius Mistshenko - Median carina of pronotum with a distinct longitudinal sulcus along its length, narrowing backwards ( Fig. 452 ); inner surface of hind tibia black in male, blackish-blue in female; hind femur with body color inner surface; fastigium of vertex flattened in female, slightly depressed in male; male phallic complex as in Figs. 57 a, b, c............. P. eximius bitlis Ünal , ssp. nov. 13 Female hind tibia bicolored, proximal part dark blue turning to red apically; found in S.W. Iran ....... P. apicalis (Bolívar) - Female hind tibia red, blue or black, if bicolored ( P. demawendi ) then proximal part pinkish blue; found in N. Iran...... 14 14 Frons distinctly sloping backwards, fastigium of vertex connected to frontal ridge under acute angle ( Fig. 455 ); male eye large ( Fig. 455 ) (vertical diameter 1.9 mm , transversal diameter 1.6 mm ) 1.5 times wider than the distance between the frontal ridge and eye in lateral view; body low in lateral view (height of pronotum 4.7 mm in male syntype ) ( Fig. 492 ); median carina of pronotum with a distinctly wide longitudinal sulcus ( Fig. 453 ); male phallic complex as in Figs. 58 a, b, c, d............................................................................................. P. gotvendicus (I. Bolívar) - Frons more vertical, fastigium of vertex connected to frontal ridge under right angle ( Fig. 456 ); eye distinctly smaller ( Fig. 456 ) (vertical diameter 1.7 mm , transversal diameter 1.3 mm ) only 1.09 times wider than the distance between the frontal ridge and eye in lateral view; body higher in lateral view (height of pronotum 5.1 mm in male paratype of P. tenuicornis ) ( Fig. 495 ); median carina of pronotum with clearly narrower longitudinal sulcus ( Fig. 454 ).................................. 15 15 Hind tibia in male black to dark red (black in the type), in female red to blue (reddish in the type); body more compressed, high in lateral view ( Figs. 495–496 ); male phallic complex as in Figs. 55 a, b, c.................... P. tenuicornis Mistshenko - Hind tibia in male bright light red, in female pinkish blue in proximal part turning to red at apex or pinkish red along its length; body more cylindrical, lower in lateral view ( Figs. 497–498 )................................ P. demawendi (Ramme) 16 Hind tibia with red or yellow inner surface; male phallic complex as in Figs. 60 a, b, c............. P. margaritae (Miram) - Hind tibia with black, bluish-black inner surface.......................................................... 17 17 Body slender, low in lateral view, more compressed laterally ( Fig. 506 ); vertex narrow, as wide as vertical diameter of eye in female ( Fig. 457 ); hind femur more slender ( Fig. 459 )..................................... P. nigrolobus Demirsoy - Body larger and stouter, high in lateral view, wide in dorsal view ( Figs. 504–505 ); vertex wide, 1.3 times wider than vertical diameter of eye in female ( Fig. 458 ); hind femur stout ( Fig. 460 )............................................. 18 18 Arch of zygoma narrow; apical notch of apodemes distinct; basal valves of penis strongly widened ( Fig. 61 a, b); epiphallus as in Fig. 61 c; typical light band on pronotum distinct ( Fig. 461 ); median carina of pronotum with weaker longitudinal sulcus ( Fig. 462 ); body large (male: 27–30 mm )................................................. P. siirt Ünal , sp. nov. - Arch of zygoma distinctly wider especially apically; apical notch of apodemes indistinct ( Fig. 465 ); basal valves of penis narrow; epiphallus as in Fig. 466 ; typical light band on pronotum indistinct ( Fig. 463 ); median carina of pronotum with more distinct longitudinal sulcus ( Fig. 464 ); body small (male: 21–23 mm ); female unknown............... P. citimus Mistshenko 19 Median carina of pronotum with a deep and wide longitudinal sulcus along its length in both sexes ( Fig. 467 )............................................................................................ P. schelkovnikovi (Uvarov) - Median carina of pronotum with a weak, much narrower and shallower longitudinal sulcus in both sexes ( Fig. 468 )..... 2 0 20 Hind tibia in female with light spines in dorsal view; pseudolophi on epiphallus separated, with 25–26 spines ( Fig. 470 )...................................................................................... P. ornatus Mistshenko - Hind tibia in female with dark spines in dorsal view; pseudolophi on epiphallus fused in the middle, with 14–16 spines ( Fig. 469 )......................................................................... P. nigripes (Stshelkanovtzev)