Taxonomic study on fourteen symphytognathid species from Asia (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) Author Li, Ya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1097-6192 Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China Author Li, Shuqiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-5416 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China lisq@ioz.ac.cn Author Lin, Yucheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-0633 Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China & The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China linyucheng@scu.edu.cn text ZooKeys 2021 2021-11-19 1072 1 47 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1072.67935 1313-2970-1072-1 9F578799E05F44118E2D378E3C17F3E3 DDB04884FF7C52BD9D1814C0EA84E496 Patu xiaoxiao Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 Figures 13 , 14 , 23 Patu xiaoxiao Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009: 67, fig. 67G and H (♀). Type material. Holotype ♀ (CASENT 9022329, HNU) and paratypes 1♀ (CASENT 9029325, HNU) China : Yunnan Province, Lushui County, Pianma Township, Changyanhe River, 9.3 km of ESE Pianma, mixed broadleaf deciduous and evergreen forest, Winkler extraction of sifted leaf litter ( 25.99363°N , 98.66651°E ; 2470 m alt.), 12.V.2005, C. Griswold leg. Other material examined. 1♂ 1♀ (NHMSU-HA123) China : Yunnan Province , Lushui County , Pianma Township , Changyanhe River , 9.3 km of ESE Pianma , mixed broadleaf deciduous and evergreen forest, in leaf litter ( 25.99363°N , 98.66651°E ; 2470 m alt.), 10.VIII.2018 , Y. Lin et al. leg .; 1♂ (NHMSU-HA123) and 1♀ (NHMSU-HA123) used for sequencing, GenBank : MW970245 and MW970244 , same data as preceding ; 2♀ (NHMSU-HA124), Fugong County , Shiyueliang Town , along the road from Shiyueliang to Shibali Village , primary forest ( 27.15546°N , 98.80573°E ; 2193 m alt.), 19.VIII.2018 , Y. Lin et al. leg . Diagnosis. The male of P. xiaoxiao can be distinguished from other congeners, with the exception of P. woodwardi , by the stout bulb lacking a conductor or median apophysis and having a finger-like tegular process (Fig. 14A and B ). It differs from P. woodwardi by having the entire embolus completely embedded in the bulb (cf. Fig. 14A and B and fig. 120 in Forster 1959 ). Females of P. xiaoxiao differs from those of other congeners by having a wide, triangular parmula, dumb-bell-shaped spermathecae separated by ~ 1.5 x their width and arranged longitudinally in parallel, the copulatory ducts coiling into a loop and connecting to the postero-lateral corner of the spermathecae, the fertilisation ducts begin latero-medially on the spermathecae (Fig. 14C-E ). New morphological data. Male (NHMSU-HA123). Total length 0.56. Carapace 0.28 long, 0.28 wide, 0.28 high. Clypeus 0.12 high. Sternum 0.20 long, 0.20 wide. Abdomen 0.36 long, 0.36 wide, 0.44 high. Length of legs: I 0.80 (0.20, 0.10, 0.20, 0.12, 0.18); II 0.72 (0.20, 0.10, 0.14, 0.12, 0.16); III 0.58 (0.14, 0.08, 0.14, 0.10, 0.12); IV 0.66 (0.18, 0.10, 0.14, 0.12, 0.12). Somatic characters (Fig. 13A-C ). Colouration : carapace light brown, thoracic centre and margin with darker patches. Mouthparts nut brown, endites and labium black. Sternum black, with a few light, small dots. Leg colour light yellow gradually grading to very dark brown, tibia darkest brown. Abdomen dorsally light grey, laterally dark greyish, ventrally and posteriorly charcoal black. Prosoma : carapace as long as wide, nearly round. Cephalic part vertical anteriorly and sloped posteriorly. Eyes, subequal in size. PER slightly recurved, ALE protruded. Chelicerae anterior surface flat. Labium semi-circular, wider than long. Sternum smooth, slightly plump. Legs : each patella with 1 disto-dorsal seta, 1 proximal and 1 disto-dorsal seta on each tibia. Tibia II with 2 ventral clasping spines. Opisthosoma : dorsally globose, laterally ovoid, clothed with black, long setae, cuticle rough with dots of varying shades and sizes. Spinnerets dark brown. Figure 13. Patu xiaoxiao A male habitus, dorsal B male habitus, ventral C male habitus, lateral D female habitus, dorsal E female habitus, ventral F female habitus, lateral. Abbreviation: TS = male clasping spines on tibia II. Scale bars: 0.50 ( A-F ). Figure 14. Patu xiaoxiao A male palp, prolateral B male palp, retrolateral C epigyne, ventral D vulva, ventral E vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory ducts; Co = conductor; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilisation ducts; Fe = femur; MA = median apophysis; Pa = patella; Pl = parmula; S = spermathecae; T = tegulum; Ti = tibia; TP = tegular process. Scale bars: 0.10 ( A-E ). Palp (Fig. 14A and B ): size ~ 1/4 of carapace. Femur swollen, wider than patella, patella as long as ~ 1/2 length of tibia. Tibia flat and lamellar. Tegulum smooth, with finger-like apical process. Embolus long, starting at retrolatero-medial part of tegulum, coiled into 2 loops inside bulb. Tip of embolus hidden within tegulum, not extended from top of bulb. Female. Total length 0.56. Carapace 0.28 long, 0.28 wide, 0.24 high. Clypeus 0.08 high. Sternum 0.20 long, 0.20 wide. Abdomen 0.36 long, 0.32 wide, 0.40 high. Length of legs: I 0.70 (0.20, 0.06, 0.16, 0.14, 0.14); II 0.62 (0.14, 0.08, 0.14, 0.12, 0.14); III 0.52 (0.12, 0.06, 0.12, 0.08, 0.14); IV 0.60 (0.12, 0.08, 0.16, 0.10, 0.14). Somatic characters (Fig. 13D-F ). Colouration : as in male, except lighter mouthparts and sternum. Prosoma : carapace longer than wide, pear-shaped. Eye arrangement as in male. PER straight. Cephalic part lower than in male. Legs : spination as in male, except for lack of clasping spines on tibia II. Opisthosoma : subovoid in dorsal view, cuticle. Spinnerets dark grey. Epigyne (Fig. 14C-E ): faintly sclerotised, internal structures nearly invisible via the cuticle. Parmula triangular, length equal to ca. 1/2 width, slightly protruded. Spermathecae nearly dumb-bell-shaped, longitudinally parallel, separated by ~ 1.5 x their width. Copulatory openings large. Copulatory ducts translucent, their width equal to ca. 2.5 x width of fertilisation ducts and folded at middle, distal part connected with postero-lateral part of spermathecae. Fertilisation duct shorter than a spermatheca length, narrow, originates from the lateral central position of spermathecae. Distribution. China (Yunnan) (Fig. 23 ). Remarks. Patu xiaoxiao was described, based on three females. Based on supplementary materials from the type locality collected in 2018, the male is described for the first time here.