Polygonatum binatifolium, a new species of Polygonatum (Asparagaceae) from Guizhou, China Author Zhu, Heng-Xing 0000-0003-2803-3077 Chongqing Academy of Forestry, Chongqing 400036, China & 17249643 @ qq. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2803 - 3077 17249643@qq.com Author Huang, Fei-Yi 0000-0003-0150-2654 Chongqing Academy of Forestry, Chongqing 400036, China & 517826385 @ qq. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0150 - 2654 517826385@qq.com Author Chen, Hong-Yuan Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, China & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing 404120, China Author Zhang, Hong-Jing Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, China & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing 404120, China Author Dai, Qian-Li 0000-0002-5397-9932 Chongqing Academy of Forestry, Chongqing 400036, China & daiqianli 126 @ 126. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5397 - 9932 Author Yi, Si-Rong 0000-0002-3883-6175 Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, China & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing 404120, China & yisirong 123 @ aliyun. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3883 - 6175 yisirong123@aliyun.com text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-06-08 549 2 247 252 journal article 67688 10.11646/phytotaxa.549.2.11 268c4db5-5fcb-491e-8662-602456f5e7ec 1179-3163 6622718 Polygonatum binatifolium S.R. Yi et H.X. Zhu , sp. nov. ( Figs. 1–2 ) Diagnosis :—The new species is most similar to Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua , but differs by its shorter stem ( 20–50 cm vs. 50–100 cm ), much smaller leaves (4–8 × 2.4–4.5 cm vs. 10–18 × 2–7 cm ) and lowest two opposite (vs. alternate), perianth 8–12 mm long (vs. 1.8–2.5 cm ), filaments ca. 1.0 mm long (vs. 3–4 mm ), ovary 1.8–2.2 mm in diam. (vs. 3–6 mm ), style 1.5–2.0 mm long (vs. 1.2–1.5 cm ), berry red (vs. black) and 5.5–6.5 mm in diam. (vs. 6-12 mm ), seed pale yellow (vs. yellowish-white), 2.4–3.0 × 2.0– 2.4 mm (vs. 3.8–5.6 × 2.8–3.6 mm ) ( Table 1 ). Type:— CHINA . Guizhou : Yinjiang County , Mt. Fanjing , N27°54′43″ , E108°39′37″ , elev. 2, 014 m , on the mossy rocks or tree trunks under forests, 22 May 2020 , S.R. Yi 8547 ( holotype , KUN; isotype, KUN) . TABLE 1. Comparison of diagnostic characters of Polygonatum binatifolium and P. cyrtonema .

P. cyrtonema Hua	P. binatifolium S.R. Yi et H.X. Zhu
Stem	Stem 50–100 cm	Stem 20–50 cm
Leaf	Leaves 10–15, alternate, leaf blade 10–18 cm long	Leaves 5–9, bottom two opposite, others alternate, leaf blade 4–8 cm long
Inflorescence	Inflorescences up to 14-flowered; peduncle 1–6 cm long, pedicel 5–15 mm	Inflorescences up to 5-flowered, peduncles 2–5 mm, pedicel 5–8 mm
Flower	Perianth 1.8–2.5 cm long	Perianth 8–12 mm long
Stamen	Filaments 3–4 mm long, anthers 3.5–4.0 mm long	Filaments ca. 1.0 mm long, anthers 1.6–1.9 mm long
Pistil	Ovary 3–6 mm in diam., style 1.2–1.5 cm	Ovary 1.8–2.2 mm in diam., style 1.5–2.0 mm
Berry	Subglobose, black, 6–12 mm in diam., 3–9-seeded	Globose, red, 5.5–6.5 mm in diam., 4–6-seeded
Seed	Ovate to subglobose, yellowish-white, 3.8–5.6 ×2.8–3.6 mm	Ovoid, pale yellow, slightly flattened, 2.4–3.0 ×2.0–2.4 mm

Perennial herbs, up to 50 cm tall, rhizome tuberous, with many rings, upper tip with hollow round stalk scars. Rhizome 1.5–3.0 cm in diam., with most fibrous roots up to 30 cm long. Stem green, sparsely short glandular hairs, purple pinstripes bottom node, 2.5–4.5 mm in diam.. Two bottom leaves opposite, upper leaves alternate; leaf blade oblongovate to oblong-lanceolate, 4.0–8.0 × 2.4–4.5 cm , with 5–7 veins, adaxially dark green, abaxially pale green, glabrous both sides, apex rounded and obtuse, base broadly cuneate, descending to petiole; petioles 3.0–5.0 mm long, base half clasped; midrib adaxially concave, abaxially raised. Inflorescence axillary with 2–5 flowers or 1–2 flowers no peduncles, peduncles 5.0–8.0 mm long, lower flattened, up to 3.0 mm wide, pedicels rounded, 8–15 mm long, peduncles and pedicels smooth and glabrous; bracts absent. Flowers yellow-green, 8–12 mm long, tube 4.0–5.0 mm in diam., crown 5.0–6.0 mm in diam., tube 5.0–6.0 mm long; inner lobes broadly ovate, 3.4–3.8 ×3.0–4.0 mm, apex obtuse, suberect; outer lobes narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 2.4–2.7 × 3.0–4.0 mm, apex short pointed, volume; perianth lobes all with a pale green midrib. Stamens inserted near middle of corolla tube, filaments very short, ca. 1.0 mm long, anthers arrowhead, 1.6–1.9 mm long. Pistil smooth and glabrous, ovary alar, 1.8–2.2 mm in diam., 2.5–3.0 mm high, style 1.5–2.0 mm long, stigma capitate. Berries globose, red, 5.5–6.5 mm in diam., 3-loculed, 1–3-seeded per locule; seeds ovoid, pale yellow, slightly flattened, 2.4–3.0 ×2.0– 2.4 mm . FIGURE 1. Polygonatum binatifolium S.R. Yi et H.X. Zhu. (a). Plant; (b). Rhizome; (c). Inflorescence; (d). Corolla (longisection); (e). Stamen; (f). Pistil. FIGURE 2. Polygonatum binatifolium S.R. Yi et H.X. Zhu. (a–b). Habitat; (c). Plants; (d–h). Inflorescence; (i). Rhizome; (j–k, m). Flower (longisection); (l). Corolla (transection); (n). Stamen; (o). Pistil. Distribution and habitat: —According to present collections, Polygonatum binatifolium was only known from two localities in Guizhou province , i.e., Mt. Fanjing, Yinjiang and Woyangqing, Panzhou. This rare species grows on mossy rocks or tree trunks under forests between 1,900 m and 2, 100 m at elevation. It is considered as Critically Endangered (CR) according to current information and the IUCN Red List criteria ( IUCN, 2019 ) because it is only found in the area of less than 5 km 2 in Yinjiang and Panzhou. Future fieldwork may expand its distribution area and habitat. Phenology: —Flowering time is between April and May; fruiting time from September to October. Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the opposite state of the lowemost two leaves. The Chinese name is given as “ 基对叶fiffl ”. Additional specimens examined ( paratypes ): — CHINA . Guizhou : Panzhou , Woyangqing , N25°59′5″ , E104°51′3″ , elev. 1, 935 m , on mossy rocks under forests, 24 May 2020 , S.R. Yi 8561 (KUN); Panzhou , Woyangqing , N25°59′5″ , E104°51′3″ , elev. 1, 935 m , on mossy rocks under forests, 16 September 2021 , S.R. Yi 9267 (KUN); Yinjiang County , Mt. Fanjing , N27°54′43″ , E108°39′37″ , elev. 2, 014 m , on the mossy rocks under forests, 9 October 2021 , S.R. Yi 9308 (KUN); Panzhou , Yangmazhai [maybe not the real location], N25°58′40.9″ , E104°53′44.7″ , in the grass, elev. 1, 619 m , 11 July 2014 , Ping-zhong Qu 520222140711007LY (GZTM0045437, GZTM0045438) .