The snakeflies of the Mediterranean islands: review and biogeographical analysis (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera) Author Aspoeck, Horst https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9407-3566 Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria Author Aspoeck, Ulrike Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Entomology, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria & Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria ulrike.aspoeck@nhm-wien.ac.at text Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 2023 2023-05-03 70 1 175 218 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.101559 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.101559 1860-1324-1-175 9E52FBF7700E4FC3A62E0334CE3DE926 88E9CFE5B5315143B11AAA90BD90ECBF Phaeostigma (Phaeostigma) euboica (H. Aspoeck & U. Aspoeck , 1976) Raphidia (Phaeostigma) euboica H. Aspoeck & U. Aspoeck , 1976 (odescr): H. Aspoeck et al. 1991 (mon). Phaeostigma (Phaeostigma) euboica (H. Aspoeck & U. Aspoeck , 1976): H. Aspoeck et al. 1989 (biogeogr, distr); H. Aspoeck et al. 1991 (mon); Popov 1992 (biogeogr); H. Aspoeck and Hoelzel 1996 (distr); H. Aspoeck et al. 2001 (anncat); H. Aspoeck 2012 (cat); H. Aspoeck and U. Aspoeck 2013 (cat, etymol), 2014 (cat). Taxonomy. H. Aspoeck et al. (1991) . The species belongs to the Ph. notata complex; it can easily be identified by the characters of the genital segments. Figure 2. a. Venustoraphidia nigricollis , ♂. Lower Austria, Eichkogel near Moedling . Foto: H. Bruckner; b. Venustoraphidia nigricollis , ♀. Austria, Vienna. Foto: H. Bruckner; c. Venustoraphidia nigricollis , larva. Austria, Vienna. Foto: H. Bruckner; d. Xanthostigma corsica , ♀. Italy, Calabria, Aspromonte, Montalto. Foto: P. Sehnal; e. Xanthostigma corsica , larva. Itlay, Calabria, Aspromonte, Montalto. Foto: F. Anderle, now Denner; f. Parvoraphidia microstigma , ♀. Greece, Phokis, Lidorikion mts. Foto: P. Sehnal; g. Ornatoraphidia flavilabris , ♀. Greece, Phokis, Lidorikion mts. Foto: P. Sehnal; h. Ornatoraphidia flavilabris , ♂. Greece, Viotia, Parnassos. Foto: P. Sehnal. Figure 3. a. Ornatoraphidia flavilabris , larva. Italy, Calabria, Sila Grande. Foto: F. Anderle, now Denner; b. Phaeostigma (Graecoraphidia) d. divina , ♂. Greece, Viotia, Parnassos. Foto: P. Sehnal; c. Phaeostigma (Graecoraphidia) d. divina , ♀. Greece, Viotia, Parnassos. Foto: P. Sehnal; d. Phaeostigma (Crassoraphidia) cyprica , ♂. Cyprus, Troodos Mountain. Foto: H. Aspoeck ; e. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major , ♂. Lower Austria, Duernstein . Foto: H. Bruckner; f. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major ; ♀. Lower Austria, Duernstein . Foto: H. Bruckner; g. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major , larva. Lower Austria, Eichkogel near Moedling . Foto: H. Bruckner; h. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) flammi , larva. Greece, Pilion. Foto: H. Bruckner. Figure 4. a. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) wewalkai , ♂. Greece, Korinthia, Oros Onia. Foto: F. Anderle, now Denner; b. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) wewalkai , ♀. Greece, Korinthia, Oros Onia. Foto: P. Sehnal; c. Phaeostigma (Aegeoraphidia) biroi , ♂. Greece, Crete, Anogia> Axos. Foto: P. Sehnal; d. Phaeostigma (Aegeoraphidia) biroi , ♀. Greece, Crete, Anogia> Axos. Foto: P. Sehnal; e. Phaeostigma (Aegeoraphidia) biroi , larva. Greece, Crete, Anogia> Axos. Foto: H. Bruckner; f. Phaeostigma (Superboraphidia) minois , ♂. Greece, Crete, Levka Ori, W Omalos. Foto: H. Aspoeck ; g. Subilla confinis , ♂. Lower Austria, Klosterneuburg. Foto: H. Bruckner; h. Subilla principiae , ♂. Italy, Sardinia, Gennargentu, Fonni. Watercolour by Wilhelm Zelenka (1936-2011), Vienna. In the possession of H. & U. Aspoeck . Figure 5. a. Ulrike syriaca , ♂. Cyprus, Limassol Forest. Watercolour by Wilhelm Zelenka (1936-2011), Vienna. In the possession of H. & U. Aspoeck ; b. Raphidia mediterranea , ♂. Upper Austria, Pelmberg near Helmonnsoedt . Foto: H. Bruckner; c. Raphidia mediterranea , ♀. Upper Austria, Pelmberg near Helmonnsoedt . Foto: H. Bruckner; d. Raphidia mediterranea , larva. Upper Austria, Pelmberg near Helmonnsoedt . Foto: H. Bruckner; e. Raphidia ariadne , ♂. Greece, Crete, near Males. Foto: H. Bruckner; f. Raphidia ariadne , ♀. Greece, Crete, Anogia. Foto: H. Bruckner; g. Raphidia ariadne , larva. Greece, Crete, near Males. Foto: H. Bruckner; h. Dichrostigma flavipes , ♂. Lower Austria, Eichkogel near Moedling . Foto: F. Anderle, now Denner. Figure 6. a. Dichrostigma flavipes , ♀. Lower Austria, Duernstein . Foto: F. Anderle, now Denner; b. Dichrostigma flavipes , larva. Greece, Olympos. Foto: H. Bruckner; c. Fibla (F.) maclachlani , ♂. Italy, Sardinia, Supramonte. Foto: H. Aspoeck ; d. Fibla (F.) maclachlani , ♀. Italy, Sardinia, Gennargentu. Foto: H. Aspoeck ; e. Fibla (F.) maclachlani , larva. Italy, Sardinia, Gennargentu. Foto: F. Anderle, now Denner; f. Fibla (Reisserella) pasiphae , ♂. Greece, Crete, Levka Ori, W Omalos. Foto: H. Aspoeck ; g. Fibla (Reisserella) pasiphae , ♀. Crete, Triphti Forest. Foto: H. Paulus; h. Fibla (Reisserella) pasiphae , larva. Greece, Crete, Anogia> Axos. Foto: F. Anderle, now Denner. Biology and ecology. Larvae most probably exclusively corticolous, preferably on conifers ( Abies , Pinus ). Development two to Subilla three years. Last hibernation stage: full-grown larva. Adults: V-VI in light coniferous forests. Records on Mediterranean islands (Fig. 7b ). Central and southern parts of Euboea in altitudes of 700-1100 m only. Syntopic Raphidioptera : Ornatoraphidia christianodagmara , Phaeostigma (Graecoraphidia) divina retsinata , Ph. (Magnoraphidia) flammi , Ph. (M.) wewalkai , Raphidia (R.) mediterranea . Biogeography. Ph. euboica is probably an endemism of Euboea. It represents a monocentric, extremely stationary Balkanopontomediterranean faunal element.