Two new Brazilian species of Loxosceles Heinecken & Lowe, 1832 with remarks on amazonica and rufescens groups (Araneae, Sicariidae)
Author
Fukushima, Caroline Sayuri
Author
Andrade, Rute Maria Goncalves de
Author
Bertani, Rogerio
text
ZooKeys
2017
667
67
94
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.667.11369
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.667.11369
1313-2970-667-67
569BC83BD81E428E8AD9D5A664EC5F49
569BC83BD81E428E8AD9D5A664EC5F49
Loxosceles
muriciensis
sp. n.
Figs 70-73, 74-75, 76-77, 78-79
Material examined
(Table 3). Male holotype (MNRJ 6967) and female and male paratypes (MNRJ 6968), BRAZIL:
Alagoas
, Murici,
Estacao
Ecologica
de Murici (
9°15'S
,
35°48'W
), 23.1°C, 84% URA, under the bark of a large burnt tree, R. Bertani, D. R. M. Ortega and R. H. Nagahama col., 13 August 2006.
Diagnosis.
Males of
L. muriciensis
sp. n. resemble those of
L. amazonica
,
L. rufescens
,
L. bentejui
,
L. foutadjalloni
,
L. guayota
,
L. hupalupa
,
L. lacta
,
L. mahan
,
L. tazarte
,
L. tibicena
and
L. willianilsoni
sp. n. by incrassated palpal tibia, longer than cymbium (Fig. 72). Males differ from those of
L. hupalupa
,
L. mahan
and
L. tazarte
by having shorter embolus (Fig. 72), and entire pars cephalica as well as carapace border dark brown (Fig. 70), best seen in live specimens. Males of
L. muriciensis
sp. n. differ from those of
L. amazonica
,
L. rufescens
,
L. bentejui
,
L. foutadjalloni
,
L. guayota
,
L. lacta
,
L. tibicena
, and
L. willianilsoni
sp. n. by having straight embolus with a mild curvature on apex, forming a hook (Fig. 71). Additionally, males of
Loxosceles muriciensis
sp. n. differ from males of all these species except
L. foutadjalloni
,
L. guayota
and
L. willianilsoni
sp. n. by having leg I at least eight times as long as carapace (Table 1). Females of
L. muriciensis
sp. n. resemble those of
L. amazonica
,
L. rufescens
,
L. bentejui
,
L. foutadjalloni
,
L. hupalupa
,
L. lacta
,
L. mahan
,
L. tazarte
,
L. tibicena
, and
L. willianilsoni
sp. n. by having spermathecae with large seminal receptacles and dark sclerotized lateral bands (Fig. 75). Females of
L. muriciensis
sp. n. can be distinguished from all these species by the following combination of characters: spermathecae with dark sclerotized lateral bands almost reaching their apex, which has two well-developed lobes, and no constriction forming a neck (Fig. 75); leg I more than five times as long as carapace (Table 2). Additionally,
L. muriciensis
sp. n. males and females can be distinguished from
L. mahan
,
L. tazarte
,
L. bentejui
,
L. guayota
,
L. tibicena
and
L. hupalupa
by lacking a conspicuous dark V-mark posteriorly on pars cephalica.
Description.
Male holotype (MNRJ 6967). Total length 5.46. Carapace 2.21 long, 2.10 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.12, PME 0.16, PLE 0.16, PME-PLE 0.02, PME-ALE 0.12; clypeus 0.30. Leg formula II, I, IV, III. Legs length: leg I: femur 4.73, patella 0.90, tibia 5.20, metatarsus 5.65, tarsus 1.42, total 17.9; II: 5.15, 0.95, 5.13, 6.39, 1.45, 19.07; III: 4.21. 0.70. 3.73. 4.37. 0.93. 13.94; IV: 4.77. 0.69. 4.55. 5.55. 1.15. 16.71. Palp: femur 1.12 long, 0.30 wide; patella 0.46 long, 0.35 wide; tibia 0.70 long, 0.55 wide; cymbium 0.50 long, 0.35 wide. Labium 0.49 long, 0.33 wide. Sternum 1.23 long, 1.16 wide. Femur I 2.2 times as long, tibia I 2.4 times as long and leg I 8.1 as long as carapace. Palpal femur 3.7 times longer than wide, tibia 1.3 times longer than wide, cymbium oval (Fig. 72). Bulb suboval and larger than cymbium. Embolus straight, with a mild curvature on apex, approximately 1.6 times longer than bulb length in retrolateral view, without carina (Fig. 71). Cephalic region of carapace covered by many long setae (Fig. 70). Entire pars cephalica as well as carapace border dark brown (Fig. 70). Legs and palps light brown, covered by short
greyish
setae on the femora and patellae. Endites, coxae and sternum light brown. Labium dark brown.
Female paratype (MNRJ 6968): As in male, except: Total length 8.65. Carapace 2.98 long, 2.80 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.15, PME 0.21, PLE 0.20, PME-PLE 0.05, PME-ALE 0.17; clypeus 0.40. Leg formula II, I, IV, III. Legs length: leg I: femur 4.51, patella 1.13, tibia 4.50, metatarsus 4.35, tarsus 1.45, total 15.94; II: 5.05, 1.06, 5.33, 3.41, 1.30, 16.15; III: 4.25, 1.05, 3.55, 4.30, 1.02, 14.17; IV: 4.55, 0.62, 4.50, 3.45, 1.22, 14.34. Palp: femur 1.20 long, 0.25 wide; patella 0.37 long, 0.31 wide; tibia 0.71 long, 0.25 wide; tarsus 1.07 long, 0.17 wide. Labium 0.58 long, 0.50 wide. Sternum 1.84 long, 1.40 wide. Femur I 1.5 times as long, tibia I 1.5
times
as long and leg I 5.3 as long as carapace. Palpal femur 4.8 times longer than wide, tibia 2.8 longer than wide, tarsus not incrassate. Spermathecae with enlarged seminal receptacles; without transversal plate, lacking a constriction near apex forming a neck; presence of two well-developed lobes on apex and dark sclerotized lateral bands almost reaching apex (Fig. 75). Palps brown, except by pale patellae and femora. Endites pale brown.
Etymology.
The specific name refers to the type locality,
Estacao
Ecologica
de Murici, state of
Alagoas
, Brazil and is neutral in gender.
Natural history.
The few specimens of L
muriciensis
sp. n. were found inside a burnt tree in an Atlantic rainforest conservation unit in the state of
Alagoas
. The ESEC Murici is one of the last and largest remnants of the northeastern Atlantic rainforest and it is inserted in a biodiversity hotspot known as the "Pernambuco Endemism Center" (
Nemesio
and Santos Junior 2014
).
Figures 70-73.
Loxosceles muriciensis
sp. n., male holotype. 70 carapace 71-73 right palpal bulb 71 dorsal (mirrored) 72 prolateral (mirrored) 73 retrolateral (mirrored). Scale bars: 70, 72-73 1mm;71 0.5mm.
Figures 74-75.
Loxosceles muriciensis
sp. n., female paratype. 74 carapace 75 seminal receptacles. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figures 76-77.
Loxosceles muriciensis
sp. n. male holotype, habitus. 76 overall aspect 77 carapace pattern. Photos R. Bertani.
Figures 78-79. 78 Map showing records of
L. amazonica
,
L. willianilsoni
sp. n. and
L. muriciensis
sp. n. Area inside rectangle represented on Figure 79. Records of
L. amazonica
include also those from
Azevedo et al. (2014)
,
Gertsch (1967)
and
Silveira (2015)
. 79 Expanded map showing the records of the illustrated specimens of
L. amazonica
,
L. willianilsoni
sp. n. and
L. muriciensis
sp. n.
Table 1.
Loxosceles
spp. of
rufescens
group, males. Carapace and leg I measurements. Data from (1)
Gertsch (1967)
, (2)
Lotz (2012)
, (3)
Planas and Ribera (2015)
. Legs differentiated by less than 0.5 mm are in bold. AL = state of
Alagoas
, AM = state of Amazonas, CE = state of
Ceara
, PI = state of
Piaui
, RN = state of Rio Grande do Norte.
| Taxon |
Locality |
Specimen |
Carapace |
Leg I |
Leg I / Carapace |
Leg Formula |
|
L. amazonica
1
|
41 |
|
L. amazonica
|
FLONA |
MNRJ |
41 |
|
L. amazonica
|
ESEC |
MNRJ |
|
L. amazonica
|
MNRJ |
|
L. amazonica
|
MNRJ |
24 |
|
L. amazonica
|
MNRJ |
41 |
|
L. amazonica
|
MNRJ |
41 |
|
L. willianilsoni
|
|
L. muriciensis
|
|
L. rufescens
1
|
AMNH |
41 |
|
L. foutadjalloni
2
|
|
L. mahan
3
|
41 |
|
L. tazarte
3
|
14 |
|
L. bentejui
3
|
|
L. tibicena
3
|
|
L. guayota
3
|
|
L. hupalupa
3
|
Table 2.
Loxosceles
spp. of
rufescens
group, females. Carapace and leg I measurements. Data from (1)
Gertsch (1967)
, (2)
Lotz (2012)
, (3)
Planas and Ribera (2015)
. Legs differentiated by less than 0.5 mm are in bold. * = Legs 2 and 4, and legs 4 and 1 have difference in length less than 0.5 mm. AL = state of
Alagoas
, CE = state of
Ceara
, MT = state of Mato Grosso, PI = state of
Piaui
, RN = state of Rio Grande do Norte.
| Taxon |
Locality |
Specimen |
Carapace |
Leg I |
Leg I / Carapace |
Leg Formula |
|
L. amazonica
|
41 |
|
L. amazonica
|
MNRJ |
41 |
|
L. amazonica
|
MNRJ |
241 |
|
L. amazonica
|
MNRJ |
41 |
|
L. amazonica
|
MNRJ |
|
L. amazonica
|
MNRJ |
241 |
|
L. amazonica
|
MNRJ |
|
L. willianilsoni
|
|
L. muriciensis
|
|
L. rufescens
1
|
AMNH |
|
L. foutadjalloni
2
|
|
L. mahan
3
|
24 |
|
L. tazarte
3
|
41 |
|
L. bentejui
3
|
41 |
|
L. tibicena
3
|
41 |
|
L. hupalupa
3
|
Table 3. Localities of all the material studied. F = female, J = juvenile, M= male, MJ= immature male.
| Species |
Quantity |
Number |
Locality |
Coordinates |
|
L. amazonica
|
MNRJ |
PARNA |
9°00'S
,
42°41'W
|
| MNRJ |
ESEC |
6°34'S
,
37°15'W
|
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
FLONA |
5°34'S
,
36°56'W
|
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
6°04'S
,
37°54'W
|
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
5°53'S
,
35°21'W
|
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
4°19'S
,
40°09'W
|
| MNRJ |
|
L. willianilsoni
|
MNRJ |
06°05'S
,
37°55'W
|
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
| MNRJ |
|
L. muriciensis
|
MNRJ |
Alagoas
|
9°15'S
,
35°48'W
|
| MNRJ |