Ceriantharia (Cnidaria) of the World: an annotated catalogue and key to species Author Stampar, Sergio N. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), FCL / Assis, Laboratorio de Evolucao e Diversidade Aquatica; LEDA, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Assis, Brazil & Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Botucatu, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9782-1619 sergiostampar@gmail.com Author Reimer, James D. University of The Ryukyus, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Marine Science, MISE (Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology) Laboratory, Okinawa, Japan & University of The Ryukyus, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, Okinawa, Japan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0453-8804 Author Maronna, Maximiliano M. Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Instituto de Biociencias, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-639X Author Lopes, Celine S. S. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), FCL / Assis, Laboratorio de Evolucao e Diversidade Aquatica; LEDA, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Assis, Brazil & Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Author Ceriello, Hellen Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), FCL / Assis, Laboratorio de Evolucao e Diversidade Aquatica; LEDA, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Assis, Brazil & Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Botucatu, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-2773 Author Santos, Thais B. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), FCL / Assis, Laboratorio de Evolucao e Diversidade Aquatica; LEDA, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Assis, Brazil & University of The Ryukyus, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Marine Science, MISE (Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology) Laboratory, Okinawa, Japan Author Acuna, Fabian H. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (Iimyc) CONICET; Facultad De Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata Funes 3250. 7600 Mar Del Plata, Argentina & Estacion Cientifica Coiba (Coiba-Aip), Clayton, Panama, Republica de Panama Author Morandini, Andre C. Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Instituto de Biociencias, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil & Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Centro de Biologia Marinha, Sao Sebastiao, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3747-8748 text ZooKeys 2020 952 1 63 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.952.50617 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.952.50617 1313-2970-952-1 961036180C3A4DE9BCC19AE0A824B9D8 4DD4C3F03B1C546FA3471BEC6C4CE3E9 2 Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis ( Mello-Leitao , 1919) (?) Cerianthus americanus : Hertwig, 1882: 110 116 Cerianthus brasiliensis Mello-Leitao , 1919: 38-39 Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis : Carlgren 1931 : 2-6; Carlgren 1940 : 6,11-12; Stampar et al. 2010 : 205-209; Silveira and Morandini 2011 : 3; Rodriguez et al. 2011 : 52, 54-55; Spier et al. 2012 : 1-3; Stampar et al. 2012 : 5-6, 9; Stampar et al. 2014a : 2,5,8; Stampar et al. 2014b : 344, 347, 351, 353; and Stampar et al. 2015a : 3; Gonzalez-Munoz et al. 2016 : 5, 9; Stampar et al. 2016 : 64, 67, 68; Stampar and Morandini 2017 : 690; Lopes et al. 2019 : 127-148 (?) Cerianthromorphe brasiliensis : Hedgpeth 1954 : 286 Type locality. Baia de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Distribution. Brazil ( Espirito Santo (20.5°S) to Rio Grande do Sul (33.7°S) states); Uruguay (35°S), and Gulf of Mexico (dubious record, 24-29°N), shallow waters (at <40 m depth). Remarks. This species was first described as Cerianthus brasiliensis by Mello-Leitao (1919) from Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This description is quite simple and based on only a few external morphological characters. Oskar Carlgren visited the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ) at the time of description of the genus Ceriantheomorphe sometime between 1925 and 1929, but he was unable to find the type material designated by Mello-Leitao . However, the type material (MNRJ 100) of Cerianthus brasiliensis is available and, based on our examinations, every mesentery, except for the directives, is fertile. Thus, based on this, the species described by Mello-Leitao should be moved to the genus Ceriantheomorphe . Carlgren (1931) mentions that the species (with this name) as described by him in that publication may be a junior synonym of C. brasiliensis Mello-Leitao 1919 , as Lopes et al. (2019) have shown. Hertwig (1882) recorded a specimen of Cerianthus americanus from the Uruguayan coast whose external shape appeared to be very similar to that of Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis . However, that specimen was not available at the time of the present study and may be lost. Type material. Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro - MNRJ 100 (Holotype).