Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha) Author Albrecht, Anders Christian text European Journal of Taxonomy 2017 2017-07-24 338 1 160 journal article 22023 10.5852/ejt.2017.338 be9f3ab9-3131-4e11-8d29-a94275ffaac9 2118-9773 3834349 86786AB1-4A1A-4A1E-B42B-53B73D66ED60 Family Adelgidae Annand, 1928 Diagnosis Gall-inducing species belong here. Holocyclic species with 2-year life cycle (see Albrecht 2015 ; Blackman & Eastop 1994 ). The adelgids are not attended by ants. A5 (A6) Abdomen (all morphs) with 4 pairs of evident spiracles (on abd. 2–5). Gall (when present) with interconnected chambers ............................................................. Pineus Shimer, 1869