Taxonomic review and cladistic analysis of Neotropical spider genus Epicratinus Jocqué & Baert, 2005 (Araneae: Zodariidae) with description of eleven new species
Author
Gonçalves, Ricardo Antonio
Author
Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
text
Zootaxa
2020
2020-11-30
4886
1
1
77
journal article
9453
10.11646/zootaxa.4886.1.1
c50d2a91-7b34-472c-bbdb-e5d16a21d14e
1175-5326
4297333
E8FBC153-BDE4-4404-9167-20B2DB1DCB14
Epicratinus pikachu
sp. nov.
Figs 20–21
.
Type.
Male
holotype
from
Reserva Ecológica Inhamum
,
4º42’01”S
,
43º03’49”W
,
Caxias
,
Maranh
„o,
Brazil
,
25/ I/2008
,
R. Ribeiro
, deposited in IBSP 211494.
Paratype
:
1♀
, same place,
04/IX/2005
,
A.S. Costa
, deposited in IBSP 133107
.
FIGURE 11.
Epicratinus petropolitanus
.
A. (IBSP 54127) Male palp, dorsal view. B (IBSP 54127) and C. (IBSP 143879) Ventral view. C. (IBSP 127755) Epigynum, ventral view. D. (IBSP 54084) Vulva. E. Vulva. C: conductor; E: embolus; St: Subtegulum; T: Tegulum; TAEB: tegular apophysis of the embolus base; VTA: ventral tegular apophysis. (Scale in A, B, C = 0.5; D, E, F = 0.2 mm).
Additional material examined:
BRAZIL
,
Maranh
„o,
Caxias
,
Reserva Ecológica Inhamum
,
4º42’01”S
,
43º03’49”W
,
1♀
,
02–05/X/2007
,
J.F.B. Lima-Lobato
& F.
Limeira de Oliveira
(
IBSP 129055
A); 1
♁,
16–20/ IX/2007
, J.F.B.
Lima-Lobato
et al
. (
IBSP 133106
)
;
1♀
,
01/V/2007
, F.
Limeira de Oliveira
&
J.F.B. Lima-Lobato
(
IBSP 133111
)
; 2♁,
12/XI/2005
, A.S.
Costa
(
IBSP 133109
)
; 2♁,
11/XII/2005
(
IBSP 133108
)
; 1♁,
16/XII/2005
(
IBSP 133113
)
; 1♁,
25/I/2008
, R.
Ribeiro
(
IBSP 133110
)
;
Piauí
,
José de Freitas
,
Fazenda Nazareth
,
4º47’58.1”S
,
42º37’48.8”W
, 2
Ƌ
,
1♀
,
31.I.2004
, V.O.
Costa
(
MPEG 007993
)
;
22
Ƌ
(
MPEG 008002
)
;
1♀
(
MPEG 008003
)
.
Diagnosis.
Males de
E
.
pikachu
sp. nov.
are easily recognized by short and wide RTA directed outward with membranous extremity and cymbium without concavity and prominently prolateral basal projection semicircular conspicuous, tegulum with bifid conductor and short embolus, TAEB in hook format. Females have the epigynum externally showing the globular spermathecae apart (distance of a spermathecae) and rounded (
Figs 20
,
21
).
Etymology.
The specific epithet is a noun taken in apposition and is in reference to Pikachu, a fictional rodent and electrical creature that appear in an assortment of video games, anime etc., licensed by The Pokémon Company. The female epigynum resembles the face of Pikachu.
Description. Male
(IBSP 211494). Color: carapace brown uniform, sternum dark orange, brown chelicerae, pale yellow coxae, predominantly yellowish-brown legs; dorsal abdomen predominantly dark brown with nine spots (2-2-2-2-1) and medium dorsal light brown shield with two of these nine spots, short setae throughout the abdomen; ventral abdomen dark brown with two white patches on the sides (one on each side), little sclerotinized, dark brown and orange above the epigastric furrow. Total length 5; carapace length 2.6; width 1.85; abdomen length 2.15; maximum length of spinnerets 0.25; chelicerae length 0.9; clypeus height 0.6. Eyes: diameters AME 0.08, ALE 0.12, PME 0.11, PLE 0.16. Interdistances AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.1, PME-PME 0.07, PME-PLE 0.27, ALE-PLE 0.04. Spinulation: I: Fe d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0, v0; Pa d0, p0, r0, v0; Ti d0, p0, r0, v2-1-2; Me d0, p0-1-1, r0, v2-1-2. II: Fe d1-1-0, p0-1-1, r0, v0; Pa d0, p0, r0, v0; Ti d0, p0, r0, v1-2-2; Me d0, p0, r0-0-1, v2-1-3. III: Fe d2-2- 3, p0, r0, v0; Pa d0-0-1, p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0; Ti d1-1-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v4-3-3; Me d2-2-2, p1-1-1, r0-0-1, v2-2-2. IV: Fe d2-2-3, p0, r0, v0; Pa d0-0-1, p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0; Ti d1-1-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; Me d1-1-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2, v2-2-2. Formula: 4123
Measurements of legs:
|
Femur
|
Patella
|
Tibia
|
Metatarsus
|
Tarsus
|
Total
|
| I |
1.6 |
0.65 |
1.4 |
1.25 |
1.05 |
5.95 |
| II |
1.45 |
0.65 |
1.1 |
1.15 |
0.45 |
4.8 |
| III |
1.4 |
0.7 |
1 |
1.4 |
0.85 |
5.35 |
| IV |
1.8 |
0.75 |
1.45 |
2.05 |
1.1 |
7.15 |
Palp. Femur with 1 dorsal spine (0-1-0); patella with a well conspicuous prolateral medium bristle; tibia with retrolateral basal projection and row of median setae (same width of the patella) along this projection, small median projection in the prolateral margin and a long dorsal seta at the base of this projection; Short and wide RTA directed outward with membranous and tufted extremity with small bristles and small basal portion; cymbium without sulcus and prominent semicircular basal prolateral projection that fits the tip of the RTA, four distal spines (two of these are prolateral); Subtegulum with a curved ridge; tegulum with a visible median haematodocha and a hook-shaped projection; bifid conductor; short and conspicuous embolus.
FIGURE 12.
Epicratinus pugionifer
.
A. (UFMG 7757) Habitus male, dorsal view. B. Male, ventral view. C. (MPEG 003532) Female, dorsal view. D. Female, ventral view. (Scale = 2 mm).
FIGURE 13.
Epicratinus pugionifer
.
A. (UFMG 7757) Male palp, dorsal view. B. (UFMG 7757) and C. (UFMG 5719) Ventral view. D. (MPEG 003532) Epigynum, ventral view. E. (MPEG 003531) Vulva. C: conductor; E: embolus; St: subtegulum; T: tegulum. (Scale in A, B, C = 0.5; D = 0.2; E = 1 mm).
Female
(IBSP 133107). Color: carapace light brown, uniform, sternum dark orange, brown chelicerae, coxae and leg burnt yellow; dorsal abdomen predominantly dark brown with nine spots (2-2-2-2-1), short bristles throughout the abdomen; abdomen ventral dark brown with two pale yellow bands on the sides (one on each side) going up almost to the center of the abdomen, little sclerotinized, dark brown and orange above the epigastric furrow. Total length 6; carapace length 3.08; width 1.85; abdomen length 3.35; maximum length of spinnerets 0.24; chelicerae length 1.1; clypeus height 0.72. Eyes: diameters AME 0.08, ALE 0.1, PME 0.11, PLE 0.11. Interdistances AME-AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.11, PME-PME 0.09, PME-PLE 0.33, ALE-PLE 0.06. Spinulation: I: Fe d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0, v0; Pa d0, p0, r0, v0; Ti d0, p0, r0, v2-1-1; Me d0, p0-0-1, r0, v1-2-2. II: Fe d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0, v0; Pa d0, p0, r0, v0; Ti d0, p0, r0, v1-1-1; Me d0, p0, r0, v1-2-2. III: Fe d1-1-1, p1-0-1, r0-0-1, v0; Pa d0-0-1, p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0; Ti d1- 1-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; Me d0-1-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-2. IV: Fe d1-2-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1, v0; Pa d0-0-1, p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0; Ti d1-2-0, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v2-1-2; Me d1-1-2, p1-1-1, r1-2-1, v2-2-2. Formula: 4123.
Measurements of legs:
Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total
I 1.6 0.65 1.3 1.2 1.1 5.85 II 1.45 0.65 1.05 1.1 0.95 5.2 III 1.4 0.75 0.95 1.35 0.85 5.3 IV 1.85 0.8 1.5 2.1 1.1 7.35
Epigynum. Ventrally present medium atrium and circular spermathecae united by basal margin, distant the diameter of a spermathecae. Internally with copulatory ducts following the epigastric furrow and rounded shape spermathecae with visible chambers.
Variation.
Males (n = 10): total length 5.87‾6.2, carapace 2.5‾2.7, femur I 1.53‾1.62. Females (n = 5): total length 6.6‾6.9, carapace 3.01‾3.15, femur I 1.55‾1.66.
Distribution.
Northeast of
Brazil
(
Fig. 40
).