Revision of Anisepyris Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), with description of 135 new species
Author
Barbosa, Diego N.
Author
Azevedo, Celso O.
text
Zootaxa
2018
4416
1
1
258
journal article
30136
10.11646/zootaxa.4416.1.1
aa238a39-adf8-4b94-8808-c788670d0455
1175-5326
1242263
3341A80B-7E54-4C6B-8B46-1336094952E2
proteus
species-group
(
Figs 23L–Q
,
24
,
25A–J
)
Females
. Mandible with five distal teeth, evenly developed; clypeus short; antennal scrobe ecarinate or present; frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute and right; vertex straight and convex. Pronotal disc with transverse carina complete; parapsidal signum with anterior half continuous; anterior margin of propodeal declivity not setose; mesopleuron with lower mesopleural fovea opened, mesopleural suture opened or closed, and posterior mesopleural sulcus present. Forewing with R1 vein indistinct. Mesotibia not spinose Metatrochanter with lateral expansion. Metasoma with distal spiracle of metasoma small. Posterior hypopygeal margin projected uniform or convex. Genitalia with 2vv shorter than 1vv, and apex slender; sting (1vv+2vv) very long [surpassing 3vv apex]; T9 apex very swollen; 1vf strongly curved downward; 1rv not curved or curved, with 1rv ventral process small, and posterior process short.
Males
. Frons not or weakly
coriaceous
, without color reflect of body metallic. Clypeus short or long; median clypeal carina lower than epistomal suture, in lateral view; antenna not elongate; antennal scrobe ecarinate. Pronotal disc with transverse carina complete. Metapostnotum with first pair of metapostnotal carina and metapostnotal-propodeal suture convergence absent; propodeal declivity with sculpture present. Mesopleuron with lower mesopleural fovea and mesopleural suture opened. Forewing with Cu vein indistinct of cu-a and R-rs&Rs vein indistinct. Hind wing with two proximal and four distal hamuli. Posterior hypopygeal margin uniform or uniform. Genitalia with paramere longer than basiparamere; inner margin of basivolsella excavated.
Distribution
. This group is mostly from Neotropical region.
Remarks
. This group was defined by
Evans (1966)
by having the following characteristics: the mandible with five distal teeth, the antennal scrobe ecarinate or present, flagellomere I ring-shaped, the transverse pronotal carina absent or present, the mesopleuron with the mesopleural and lower fovea opened or closed, and the posterior fovea absent or present, the mesotibia without or with distal spines. Using these variable diagnostic characteristics,
proteus
covered many species, making it the richest within
Anisepyris
. It was not easily definable, however, making it a “taxonomic trash-basket”. that included more than 40% of all species in
Anisepyris
. Most of these 51 species could be reallocated to other species-groups. In fact, former members of the
proteus
species-group are now distributed into 11 of the 13 recognized species-groups of
Anisepyris
. One of these species-groups contains species that are related to
A. proteus
and match the diagnostic features listed above. The redescribed and redefined
proteus
species-group is now composed of 23 species (
Table 1
).