New species of redbait from the Philippines (Teleostei, Emmelichthyidae, Emmelichthys) Author Girard, Matthew G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3580-6808 Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA & Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA girardmg@si.edu Author Santos, Mudjekeewis D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4770-1221 Genetic Fingerprinting Laboratory, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Quezon City, 1103, Philippines Author Bemis, Katherine E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-9283 Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA & National Systematics Laboratory, Office of Science and Technology, NOAA Fisheries, Washington, DC, 20560, USA text ZooKeys 2024 2024-03-22 1196 95 109 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.111161 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.111161 1313-2970-1196-95 E264F69C8FAD48609AE77F6E43608BB6 BE4BF3D753C05CE084AA6700459AB3B4 Emmelichthys papillatus sp. nov. Etymology. Named for the diagnostic fleshy cleithral papillae. English name. Papillated redbait. Tagalog name. Rebentador pula. Types. Holotype . PNM 15806 (ex. KAUM-I. 91845); 154 mm TL; 130 mm SL; purchased 12 September 2016 from Oton Fish Market; likely captured off Iloilo, Panay Island, Philippines, 11°N , 123°E (Fig. 1 , Tables 1 - 4 ). Collected by Y. Fukui and M. Matsunuma ( Motomura et al. [2017 : 128] identified as E. struhsakeri ). Paratypes . USNM 424606; 138 mm TL; 122 mm SL; purchased 1 June 2013 from Pasil Market, Cebu Island, Philippines, 10°17'30.1"N , 123°53'31.2"E (Fig. 2 , Tables 1 - 4 ). Collected by J. T. Williams, K. E. Carpenter, A. Lizano, and A. Macaspac. KAUM-I. 193858 (ex. USNM 424607); 132 mm TL; 119 mm SL; same collection information as USNM 424606. Figure 1. Holotype of Emmelichthys papillatus sp. nov. (PNM 15806 [ex. KAUM-I. 91845]) from the Philippines A before preservation. Photograph by the Kagoshima University Museum B preserved specimen. Figure 2. Paratypes of Emmelichthys papillatus sp. nov. and collection localities for specimens examined in this study A KAUM-I. 193858 (ex. USNM 424607) before preservation B USNM 424606 before preservation. Photographs by J. T. Williams C distribution of Pacific Emmelichthys spp. type materials examined. Diagnosis. Emmelichthys papillatus is distinguished from congeners in the Pacific Ocean by the presence of two fleshy papillae on the cleithrum (absent in E. elongatus , E. karnellai , E. struhsakeri ; see Fig. 3 ) and fewer number of gill rakers (30-33 vs. 34+ in other species). It can be further differentiated from E. cyanescens and E. nitidus , which have bony cleithral papillae, by fewer pectoral-fin rays (18-19 vs. 22 in E. cyanescens , 20-23 in E. nitidus ) and fewer lateral-line scales (69-74 vs. 100-105 in E. cyanescens , 87-93 in E. nitidus ). It can also be differentiated from Erythrocles schlegelii , which also has fleshy cleithral papillae, by II isolated dorsal-fin spines between the spinous and soft dorsal fin. Figure 3. Pectoral girdle in species of Emmelichthys A fleshy cleithral papillae (arrows) in E. papillatus sp. nov. (PNM 15806 [ex. KAUM-I. 91845] holotype) B µCT scan of pectoral girdle in E. papillatus sp. nov. (PNM 15806 [ex. KAUM-I. 91845] holotype). Arrow indicates absence of anterior expansion of cleithrum C absence of cleithral papillae in E. struhsakeri (AMS I.17244-001) D µCT scan of pectoral girdle in E. struhsakeri (USNM 214690 holotype). Arrow indicates absence of anterior expansion of cleithrum E bony cleithral papillae (arrows) in E. nitidus (NSMT P.125978) F µCT scan of pectoral girdle in E. nitidus (CSIRO H 4244-01). Arrow indicates prominent anterior expansion of cleithrum that supports ventral cleithral papilla. Description (See Tables 3 , 4 for counts and measurements). Dorsal fin with anterior VIII spines connected by membrane; penultimate II spines not connected to adjacent spines via membrane but with short membrane behind each spine; membrane of last dorsal-fin spine connected to first soft dorsal-fin ray. Upper 2 pectoral-fin rays unbranched. Body and head, except for a narrow median region dorsal to upper lip, covered with ctenoid scales; 5-7 scales from middle of spinous dorsal fin to lateral line; 7-8 scales from dorsal-fin origin and 14-16 from anal-fin origin to lateral line; 26-28 circumpeduncular scales. Soft dorsal and anal fins with scaly sheath at base, broadening near last few rays; no scales on dorsal or anal fins beyond basal sheath; pectoral fins scaled proximally; caudal fin with small scales on basal fleshy region and proximally on rays. Nostrils small, subequal, close-set. Maxilla reaching vertical at front edge of pupil. Opercle with 2-3 flat spines. No teeth on vomer, palatines, or jaws. Shallow groove on rear margin of gill cavity at upper end of cleithrum; cleithrum with two pronounced fleshy papillae that lack underlying osteological support (Fig. 3A-B ; compare with E. struhsakeri [Fig. 3C-D ] and E. nitidus [Fig. 3E-F ]). Pectoral fins reaching slightly posterior to vertical at tips of pelvic fins. Anal fin origin slightly posterior to vertical at first soft dorsal-fin ray. Anus well in advance of anal fin origin. Table 3. Counts and measurements of type specimens for Emmelichthys papillatus sp. nov. Dashes indicate data not collected because of specimen damage.

Characters	Holotype	Paratype	Paratype
	PNM 15806	USNM 424606	KAUM-I. 193858
Total length in mm	154	138	132
Standard length (SL) in mm	130	122	119
Dorsal-fin spines	XI	-	XI
Dorsal-fin spines connected by membrane	VIII	-	VIII
Isolated posterior dorsal-fin spines	II	II	II
Dorsal-fin rays	11	11	11
Pectoral-fin rays	18	19	19
Anal-fin rays	10	10	10
Gill rakers (Upper + Lower)	8+22	8+25	8+25
Lateral-line scales	74	74	69
Fleshy cleithral papillae	Present	Present	Present
Body depth in %SL	19.8	-	-
Body width in %SL	12.5	11.6	-
Head length in %SL	27.9	26.0	25.3
Orbit diameter in %SL	7.7	7.0	6.7
Interorbital width in %SL	7.4	6.3	7.1
Predorsal distance in %SL	36.2	34.4	35.3
Distance from snout to anus in %SL	60.9	-	-
Spinous dorsal-fin base in %SL	27.8	27.5	27.4
Pectoral-fin length in %SL	17.7	15.7	16.3
Pelvic-fin length in %SL	14.6	13.1	12.6
Caudal-peduncle depth in %SL	7.2	7.8	7.3
Caudal-peduncle width in %SL	3.5	3.0	4.1
Longest dorsal-fin spine in %SL	13.1	12.6	12.4
Penultimate dorsal-fin spine in %SL	2.1	2.8	1.9
Last dorsal-fin spine in %SL	-	3.2	3.2
First anal-fin spine in %SL	1.3	-	1.4
Third anal-fin spine in %SL	4.5	-	5.2
Pelvic base to anus in %SL	28.1	-	-

Table 4. Counts and measurements among species of Emmelichthys . Values for species not described in this study from Heemstra and Randall (1977) , Kotlyar (1982) and Fricke et al. (2014) . Dashes indicate data not available.

Characters	E. papillatus sp. nov.	E. cyanescens	E. elongatus	E. karnellai	E. nitidus	E. ruber	E. struhsakeri
Dorsal-fin spines	XI	XIII-XIV	XII	XII-XIII	XIII-XIV	XII-XIII	XI-XII
Dorsal-fin spines connected by membrane	VIII	XI-X	VIII	VIII-IX	IX-X	VII-IX	VIII-X
Isolated posterior dorsal-fin spines	II	II-III	III	IV-V	II-III	III-V	I-III
Length of posterior dorsal-fin spines	Protruding	Protruding	Protruding	Embedded	Protruding	Embedded	Protruding
Dorsal-fin rays	11	9-10	9-10	10-11	9-11	9-11	10-12
Pectoral-fin rays	18-19	22	18-20	21-23	20-23	19-20	19-21
Anal-fin rays	10	10-11	9-10	9-10	9-10	9-10	9-10
Gill rakers	30-33	39-42	34-38	37-43	37-43	33-38	34-41
Lateral-line scales	69-74	100-105	61-68	76-85	87-98	71-74	68-76
Cleithral papillae	Present - Fleshy	Present - Bony	Absent	Absent	Present - Bony	Absent	Absent
Body depth in %SL	19.8	18.0-22.0	15.0-19.0	19.0-22.0	19.0-24.0	19.0-28.0	20.0-25.0
Body width in %SL	11.6-12.5	-	11.0-13.0	14.0-17.0	11.0-17.0	11.0-16.0	13.0-16.0
Head length in %SL	25.3-27.9	25.0-27.0	26.0-27.0	25.0-27.0	25.0-30.0	25.0-32.0	26.0-30.0
Orbit diameter in %SL	6.7-7.7	7.1-8.7	6.5-9.6	8.8-9.6	7.0-11.0	8.6-12.9	9.0-11.1
Interorbital width in %SL	6.3-7.4	5.9-6.2	5.4-6.6	7.0-7.7	6.0-7.7	5.8-7.1	6.3-7.8
Predorsal distance in %SL	34.4-36.2	35.0-37.0	-	37.0-39.0	35.0-39.0	35.0-43.0	35.0-40.0
Distance from snout to anus in %SL	60.9	64.0-67.0	-	57.0-66.0	64.0-72.0	57.0-62.0	58.0-63.0
Spinous dorsal-fin base in %SL	27.4-27.8	30.0-31.0	28.0-36.0	32.0-34.0	30.0-36.0	25.0-31.0	26.0-30.0
Pectoral-fin length in %SL	15.7-17.7	18.0-20.0	16.0-20.0	17.0-19.0	19.0-24.0	16.0-20.0	18.0-21.0
Pelvic-fin length in %SL	12.6-14.6	13.0-14.0	10.0-14.0	11.0-15.0	13.0-17.0	12.0-20.0	14.0-16.0
Caudal-peduncle depth in %SL	7.2-7.8	6.0-7.1	5.8-7.5	5.7-7.7	6.5-8.5	6.3-11.6	6.4-8.3
Caudal-peduncle width in %SL	3.0-4.1	-	5.2-7.2	4.2-4.9	2.8-5.7	-	3.0-5.5
Longest dorsal-fin spine in %SL	12.4-13.1	12.0	-	12.0-16.0	12.0-15.0	12.0-15.0	13.0-16.0
Penultimate dorsal-fin spine in %SL	1.9-2.8	2.9	-	2.6-3.7	2.5-3.8	0.6-1.3	2.1-3.8
Last dorsal-fin spine in %SL	3.2	2.5	-	3.3-4.1	2.1-3.7	3.1-3.6	3.1-5.5
First anal-fin spine in %SL	1.3-1.4	1.5-1.9	1.1-2.4	1.0-1.9	1.0-2.9	1.2-3.8	1.4-2.8
Third anal-fin spine in %SL	4.5-5.2	4.2-5.3	2.7-6.0	4.1-6.4	3.1-6.7	4.8-7.1	4.7-7.3
Pelvic base to anus in %SL	28.1	-	25.0-30.0	8.0-11.0	15.0-27.0	-	9.0-14.0

Color of market specimens dusky rose dorsally, becoming silver-pink ventrally (Figs 1 - 2 ). Indistinct wide lateral bar of yellowish pink below lateral-line canal. Indistinct dark mottling above the lateral-line canal. Centers of flank scales darker pink. Dorsal fin pinkish white; pelvic, anal, and caudal fins whitish, with rays pinker than membrane; pectoral fins pink, grading to white distally; lips red. In alcohol, uniformly tan, no distinct coloration remains (Fig. 1 ). Distribution. All three specimens of Emmelichthys papillatus were collected from markets of the Visayas region of the Philippines (Fig. 2C ). It is unknown if this species occurs beyond Philippine waters.