The South American spider genera Mesabolivar and Carapoia (Araneae, Pholcidae): new species and a framework for redrawing generic limits Author Huber, Bernhard A. text Zootaxa 2018 2018-03-19 4395 1 1 178 journal article 30485 10.11646/zootaxa.4395.1.1 8bee84d8-4a01-4e53-8eb3-af176ce1feb9 1175-5326 1202519 B43C234D-45C4-4A6D-9836-8A7524A5B291 Mesabolivar kaingang sp. n. Figs 259–260 , 284–291 , 304–305 Diagnosis. Easily distinguished from known congeners by male procursus ( Figs 285, 287–288 ; small dorsal process, retrolateral ridge, prolateral pointed process); also by armature of male chelicerae ( Fig. 286 ; distal apophyses close to lamellae, small proximal processes) and shape of epigynum ( Figs 289–290 , 304 ; oval, with posterior pocket on slightly projecting ‘scape’). Etymology. The specific name honors the Kaingang, a Native American ethnic group spread out over the states of Paraná , Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul and the southeastern state of São Paulo ; noun in apposition. Type material. BRAZIL : Paraná : ♂ holotype , 1♀ paratype , UFMG (21512–13), 10♂ 4♀ paratypes , ZFMK (Ar 19142), Saint-Hilaire/Lange National Park, forest above Hotel Mata Atlântica ( 25.670°S , 48.600°W ), ~ 200– 300 m a.s.l., night collecting, 12.x.2014 (B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho). Other material examined. BRAZIL : Paraná : 5♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK ( Br 14-140), same data as types . 3♂ 2♀ , ZFMK ( Ar 19143), Saint-Hilaire / Lange National Park , forest along river above Fazenda Niteroi ( 25.657°S , 48.601°W ), ~ 100 m a.s.l. , 11.x.2014 ( B.A. Huber , L.S. Carvalho ) ; 1♂ 1♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK ( Br 14-133), same data . 4♂ , SMNK ( ECS 756 , 759 ), Reserva Natural do Rio Cachoeira [~ 23.38°S , 48.70°W ], 19.xi./ 15.xii.2007 ( F. Raub , L. Scheuermann ). FIGURES 284–291. Mesabolivar kaingang sp. n. (ZFMK Ar 19142). 284–285. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views. 286. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 287–288. Left procursus, prolateral and dorsal views. 289–290. Epigynum, ventral and lateral views. 291. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.5. FIGURES 292–305. Female epigyna in ventral views and cleared female genitalia in dorsal views, Mesabolivar kathrinae group and M. cyaneotaeniatus group. 292–293. M. azureus (Badcock, 1932) (ZFMK Ar 19087). 294–295. M. pallens sp. n. (ZFMK Ar 19093). 296. M. kathrinae Huber, 2015 (ZFMK Ar 12621). 297. M . sp., undescribed species (ZFMK Ar 19104), from Paraná, Fazenda Experimental Gralha Azul. 298–299. M. brasiliensis (Moenkhaus, 1898) , from Ubatuba (298, ZFMK Ar 19105) and Guapiaçú (299, ZFMK Ar 19110). 300–303. M. cyaneotaeniatus (Keyserling, 1891) (‘true’) from St. Hilaire/Lange (300, ZFMK Ar 19134) and Vargem Alta (301, ZFMK Ar 19136), and possible heterospecific specimens from Guapiaçú (302, ZFMK Ar 19120) and Pau Brasil (303, ZFMK Ar 19141). 304–305. M. kaingang sp. n. (ZFMK Ar 19142). Arrows point at present (300)/absent (302) dark ridges. Santa Catarina : 2♀ , ZFMK ( Ar 19144), Itapoá , Reserva Volta Velha ( 26°05.8’S , 48°39.1’W ), 20 m a.s.l. , 27– 28.ix.2010 ( B.A. Huber , J. Ricetti ); 4 juvs in pure ethanol , ZFMK ( Br 10-68), same data . Assigned tentatively. BRAZIL : Paraná : 3♂ 2♀ , ZFMK ( Ar 19145), São José dos Pinhais, Serro e Gemido ( 25°41.5’S , 49°03.4’W ), ~ 1000 m a.s.l. , in hollow trees, 25.ix.2010 (B.A. Huber, J. Ricetti) ; 1♂ 1♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK ( Br 10-60), same data . 1♀ (and one ♂ palp and ♂ chelicerae transferred from ZFMK Br 10-58), ZFMK ( Ar 19146), Rio Grande , Fazenda Experimental Gralha Azul ( 25°40.0’S , 49°16.2’W ), 910 m a.s.l. , 26.ix.2010 ( B.A. Huber , J. Ricetti ) ; 1♂ 1♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK ( Br 10-58), same data . Description. Male ( holotype ) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 4.7, carapace width 1.7. Distance PME-PME 160 µm, diameter PME 160 µm, distance PME-ALE 150 µm, distance AME-AME 30 µm, diameter AME 60 µm. Sternum width/length: 1.2/ 0.7. Leg 1: 61.2 (14.7 + 0.8 + 14.4 + 27.3 + 4.0), tibia 2: 10.8, tibia 3: 8.9, tibia 4: 9.3; tibia 1 L/d: 90. Femora 1–4 width (at half length): 0.23, 0.25, 0.25, 0.23. COLOR (in ethanol). Carapace ochre-yellow, with large dark median mark including ocular area, clypeus not darker; sternum orange; legs brown, tips of femora and tibiae lighter, indistinct darker rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally); abdomen greenish gray, dorsally and laterally densely covered with dark marks, ventrally pale greenish gray with small ochre-yellow area in front of gonopore and indistinct ochre-yellow area in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 259 ; ocular area raised; carapace with distinct median furrow; clypeus unmodified; sternum unmodified. CHELICERAE. With distal apophyses close to lamellae, weakly projecting (not visible in lateral view), proximal processes very small ( Fig. 286 ). PALPS. As in Figs 284–285 ; coxa with distinct retrolateral apophysis; trochanter barely modified; femur with hooked retrolateral apophysis proximally, distally widening; procursus with small dorsal process, distinctive retrolateral ridge and small prolateral pointed process ( Figs 285, 287–288 ); genital bulb with large tapering process mostly membranous. LEGS. Densely covered with short hairs, without spines and curved hairs, few vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 1.5%; prolateral trichobothrium present on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with>30 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct. Male (variation). Tibia 1 in 12 other males from Saint-Hilaire/Lange National Park: 13.1–16.4 (mean 14.4). Proximal cheliceral processes barely visible in some males. In males from near Curitiba (Serro e Gemido and Fazenda Experimental Gralha Azul) the proximal cheliceral processes are larger, and the procursus differs slightly (prolateral apophysis stronger, proximal part relatively more slender); specimens from these localities are therefore assigned tentatively; tibia 1 in males from Serro e Gemido: 12.9, 14.0, 15.3. Female. In general similar to male ( Fig. 260 ). Tibia 1 in nine females from Saint-Hilaire/Lange National Park and Volta Velha: 10.6–14.1 (mean 12.4). Epigynum as in Figs 289–290 , 304 ; simple oval anterior plate weakly projecting, without processes, with pocket at posterior margin; posterior plate short and wide. Internal genitalia as in Figs 291 , 305 , with pair of bean-shaped pore-plates converging anteriorly. In females from near Curitiba (Serro e Gemido and Fazenda Experimental Gralha Azul), the posterior margin of the epigynal plate is slightly straighter; they are assigned tentatively (tibia 1 in three females: 9.6, 11.7, 13.5). Natural history. The spiders were found in large sheltered spaces among rocks and logs, and in hollow logs. At Saint-Hilaire/Lange National Park they shared the microhabitat with M. bicuspis . When disturbed they started swinging with large amplitude and high frequency but did not run away. Distribution. Known from several sites in Paraná and Santa Catarina states ( Brazil ) ( Fig. 733 ); western specimens (from near Curitiba) are assigned tentatively.