Proguithera caspersi, a new cavernicolous thread-legged bug species (Hemiptera Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from Hainan, China Author Chen, Zhuo 0000-0003-3393-0338 Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China & insectchen 625 @ 126. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3393 - 0338 Author Li, Hu 0000-0001-8590-1753 Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China & tigerleecau @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8590 - 1753 tigerleecau@hotmail.com Author Cai, Wanzhi Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China text Zootaxa 2021 2021-04-19 4963 2 354 364 journal article 7134 10.11646/zootaxa.4963.2.6 e699272b-c4df-4702-834b-8291510dc455 1175-5326 4700986 07661229-9D28-40EC-AA20-9746720DB42D Proguithera caspersi sp. nov. ( Figs. 1–29 ) Diagnosis. Recognized within the genus by the following combination of characters: pronotum along midline 1.1 times as long as its width across humeral angles, with deep median longitudinal sulcus; anteroventral series of fore femur composed of about 25 spine-like setae; fore wing with cross vein between M + Cu and submarginal vein basad of discal cell weakly developed, oblique, inserted directly from basal angle of discal cell; Rs vein poorly developed; discal cell elongate, longer than M extending from its apex; paramere short and slender, rod-shaped. Description. Macropterous male ( Figs. 1–3 ). Coloration. Body generally brown. Head slightly darker on dorsum ( Fig. 7 ); labrum whitish-yellow ( Figs. 7, 8 ); antennal scape and pedicel dark-brown, the former with basal part slightly lighter, flagellomeres absent; labial segment III light-brown, segment IV yellowish-brown ( Fig. 8 ). Pronotum slightly darkened on both sides of anterior lobe ( Fig. 7 ); tubercle of each anterolateral angle blackish-brown ( Fig. 7 ); midline of anterior lobe, transverse sulcus and anterolateral bulges of posterior lobe light-brown ( Fig. 7 ); posterior half of posterior lobe dark-brown ( Fig. 7 ). Scutellum, metanotum and metapleuron slightly darkened; mesopleuron dark-brown. Fore leg light-brown, coxa yellowish-brown, femur slightly darkened on dorsum with apex dark-brown ( Fig. 12 ); mid and hind coxae and trochanters as well as bases of tibiae yellowish-brown, femora and tibiae dark-brown, tibiae gradually becoming paler towards apexes, tarsi light-yellowish-brown. Fore wing with veins slightly paler; area basad of discal cell tinged with obscure pale suffusion ( Fig. 19 ). Abdomen suffused with dark-brown laterally; apical half of pygophore dark-brown to blackish-brown, apex yellowish ( Figs. 14, 16 ). Vestiture. Body surface densely covered with tiny, decumbent setae arising from tiny granulations on head, thorax, legs and abdomen; antennae with tiny, oblique, dark setae and short, decumbent, whitish pubescence; labium with sparse, tiny setae. Pronotum with anterior lobe partially glabrous; posterior lobe of pronotum, scutellum and metanotum finely wrinkled. Dorsal surface of apical two thirds of fore tibia and ventral surface of extreme base of fore tarsomere I with short, oblique, golden setae; tarsi and apical parts of tibiae of mid and hind legs with short, slender, decumbent setae. Fore wing weakly rugose. FIGURES 1–6. Proguithera caspersi sp. nov. , habitus: 1–3, male, holotype; 4–6, female, paratype. 1, 4, Dorsal view; 2, 5, lateral view; 3, 6, ventral view. Scale bar: 5.0 mm. Structure. Head ( Figs. 7–9 ) teardrop-shaped, porrect, 1.5 times as long as width across eyes; anteocular part 2.4 times longer than postocular part; interocular space 1.8 times as broad as single eye in dorsal view; interocular furrow strongly curved backwards, median portion reaching far behind level of posterior margin of eyes. Eyes moderately protruding laterally, elliptical in lateral view, far removed from dorsal and ventral outlines of head in lateral view ( Fig. 8 ). Antennal insertion closer to anterior margin of eye than to apex of head; scape 2.1 times as long as length of head and pronotum combined, 1.5 times as long as pedicel, pedicel slenderer than scape. Labium ( Fig. 8 ) long and generally slender; labial segment II stout, segment III surpassing anterior margin of eyes, segment IV longest, gradually tapering. FIGURES 7–18. Proguithera caspersi sp. nov. : 7–9, 12–16, male, holotype; 10, 11, 17, 18, female, paratype; 7–11, anterior part of body; 12, right fore leg; 13–18, apical part of abdomen. 7, 10, 13, Dorsal view; 8, 11, 12, 14, 17, lateral view; 9, 15, 18, ventral view; 16, caudal view. Scale bar of 7–12 = 1.0 mm; of 13–18 = 0.5 mm. Pronotum ( Figs. 7, 8 ) along midline 1.2 times as long as head, 1.1 times as long as its width across humeral angles, vaguely divided into anterior and posterior lobes by transverse sulcus at middle; anterior margin concave, anterolateral angles forming small but distinct tubercles; anterior lobe slightly swollen laterally, with clear, deep, median longitudinal sulcus ( Fig. 7 ); posterior lobe with one pair of transverse, anterolateral bulges, lateral margins diverging posteriorly, posterior margin broadly concave. Posterior margin of prosternum rounded ( Fig. 9 ). Scutellum subtriangular, with apical nodule and weakly developed lateral ridges. Metanotum with an apical nodule. Fore leg ( Fig. 12 ) stout; coxa cylindrical, 1.5 times as long as pronotum, very faintly narrowed towards apex; trochanter simple; femur long, laterally flattened, 1.5 times as long as coxa, 8 times as long as its maximum width, ventral surface armed with two series of short to long, spine-like setae arising from small tubercles, and an accessory series composed of minute setae and small denticles; anteroventral series ( Fig. 12 ) composed of about 25 spine-like setae, beginning beyond basal third of segment, with basal most setae longest; posteroventral series ( Fig. 12 ) composed of about 46 spine-like setae, with short and long setae in basal two thirds and small peg-like ones in apical third; tibia short and stout, less than half as long as femur, widened towards apex, armed ventrally with a row of about 15 deflexed spine-like setae on apical three fifths; tarsus arched, nearly as long as tibia, tarsomere I about six times longer than tarsomere II. Mid and hind legs long and slender; mid and hind tibiae 1.45 and 1.5 times as long as respective femora. Fore wing ( Fig. 19 ) elongate, conspicuously surpassing apex of abdomen; cross vein connecting M + Cu and submarginal vein basad of discal cell weakly developed, oblique, inserted directly from basal angle of discal cell ( Fig. 20 ); discal cell elongate, longer than remaining M extending from its apex ( Fig. 19 ); Rs situated extremely apically, rudimentary and poorly defined ( Fig. 19 ). Hind wing ( Fig. 21 ) with hamus approaching Sc + R with a moderate angle but not conjoined; m-cu cross vein long and slightly oblique; section of M connecting m-cu to R + M short; Cu connected with R + M, forming a large cell, with long, backwardly directed branch extending from its apex; 1A and 2A present; anal lobe broad, about half as long as hind wing. Abdomen elongate oval, slightly widened posteriorly, 3.2 times as long as its maximum width. Abdominal segment VIII narrowly exposed in lateral and ventral views ( Figs. 14, 15 ), with posteromedial margin medially concave ( Fig. 15 ). FIGURES 19–21. Proguithera caspersi sp. nov. , male, holotype: 19, posterior part of body; 20, right fore wing, white arrow points to the weakly developed cross vein connecting M + Cu and submarginal vein basad of discal cell; 21, right hind wing. Scale bar of 19 = 2.0 mm; of 20 = 0.5 mm; of 21 = 3.0 mm. Male genitalia : Pygophore ( Figs. 22–24 ) elongate oval, apical fifth of ventral surface with a weakly developed, median longitudinal ridge ( Fig. 16 ); anterior dorsal sclerotization wide; posterior margin broadly rounded, without posterosuperior process. Paramere ( Figs. 13, 14, 16 , 25, 26 ) short and slender, evenly bent, apically rounded. Phallus ( Figs. 27–29 ) elongate, somewhat laterally flattened; articulatory apparatus stout and wide; basal plates widely separated, nearly parallel, basal foramen small, ponticulus basilaris thick, dorsal connectives short; basal plate extension small; phallotheca with struts long and slender, extending to apex of phallus, apexes acute; endosoma with large bursa basally and paired, narrow, sclerotized stripes along entire length ventrally, apex with a pair of vesiclelike processes inside. Macropterous female ( Figs. 3–6 ) similar to male in general appearance; eyes somewhat smaller ( Figs. 10, 11 ); fore wing just reaching apex of abdomen, with veins almost same color as remainder. Female genitalia ( Figs. 17, 18 ): Tergite VIII semicircular, apical two thirds yellowish; tergite IX declining, basal half yellowish, lateral sides blackish brown; valvifer I broad, apical half dark brown, apical margin rounded; valvula I triangular, rounded at apex, covered with dense setosity; styloids small, separated from each other, apically rounded. Measurements [in mm, ♂ (n = 1, holotype ) / ♀ (n = 2, paratypes )]. Length of body: to apices of fore wings 9.30 / 9.20, to apex of abdomen 8.70 / 9.20; length of head 1.25 / 1.25; length of anteocular part 0.60 / 0.60; length of postocular part 0.25 / 0.25; width across eyes 0.85 / 0.80–0.90; interocular space 0.40 / 0.40–0.50; length of antennal segments I–IV = 5.60 / 5.30–5.40, 3.80 / 3.50–3.55,? (missing) /? (missing),? (missing) /? (missing); length of labial segments II–IV = 0.35 / 0.35, 0.50 / 0.50, 0.55 / 0.55; length of anterior pronotal lobe 0.75 / 0.75–0.80; length of posterior pronotal lobe 0.70 / 0.70–0.75; width of anterior pronotal lobe 0.95 / 1.00–1.10; width of posterior pronotal lobe 1.30 / 1.30–1.40; median length of scutellum 0.40 / 0.40; basal width of scutellum 0.50 / 0.50; length of fore coxa, femur, tibia, tarsus = 2.15 / 2.10, 3.20 / 3.20–3.25, 1.30 / 1.20–1.30, 1.30 / 1.20–1.30; maximum width of fore femur 0.40 / 0.40; length of mid femur, tibia, tarsus = 5.30 / 5.20–5.40, 7.70 / 7.80, 0.30 / 0.30; length of hind femur, tibia, tarsus = 7.70 / 7.20–7.40, 11.90 / 11.30–11.70, 0.30 / 0.40; length of fore wing = 6.40 / 6.30–6.40; length of abdomen 4.50 / 4.80–4.90; maximum width of abdomen 1.40 / 1.60–1.80. FIGURES 22–29. Proguithera caspersi sp. nov. , male, holotype: 22–24, pygophore; 25, 26, paramere; 27–29, phallus. 22, 27, Dorsal view; 23, 28, lateral view; 24, caudal view; 29, ventral view. Scale bar of 22–24, 27–29 = 0.5 mm; of 25, 26 = 0.3 mm. Type material. Holotype ( ♂ ): CHINA , Hainan , Baisha , Nankai , N19°4′37″ , E109°25′6″ , in cave, 25 Dec. 2019 , Q. Zhao leg. ( CAU ) . Paratypes ( 2♀ ): same collection data as holotype ( CAU ) . Additional material examined. One nymph (5 th instar): same collection data as type material ( CAU , in ethanol) . Etymology. The specific epithet is dedicated to Dr. Max Caspers (Naturalis Biodiversity Center , Leiden) for his kind support in our study of Reduviidae . Distribution. CHINA : Hainan . Biology. The specimens of this species, including a 5 th- instar nymph, were collected on the walls of a cave. A male of Myiophanes tipulina was collected with them simultaneously.