A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on “ P. ” fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae) Author Henrik Enghoff text European Journal of Taxonomy 2016 2016-07-22 215 1 23 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2016.215 1cb872fd-ebcd-4e9d-8366-58bc5ecbd050 2118-9773 399800 A key to the species of Prionopetalum This key builds extensively on previous keys provided by Kraus (1960) and VandenSpiegel & Pierrard (2009) .The new species described here is included, but Aquattuor fasciatus is excluded, and P. stuhlmanni is treated as a synonym of P. kraepelini (cf. above). I follow VandenSpiegel & Pierrard (2009) in not considering Spinotarsus werneri Attems, 1910 as a species of Prionopetalum , although Kraus (1960) suggested such a relationship (but still listed S. werneri under ”species incertae sedis ”). Fig. 8. Aquattuor fasciatus ( Attems, 1896 ) comb. nov. , syntype of Odontopyge fasciata (NHMW 2672). A . Gonopods, anterior view. B . Left gonopod, posterior view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Photographs: N. Akkari. 1. Coxa with a straight, mostly long lateral spine pointing basad, laterobasad or laterad ( Fig. 9 A –L) ......................................................................................................................................................2 – Coxa different, sometimes with another type of lateral process, but not a straight basad, laterobasad or laterad spine.................................................................................................................................13 2. Lateral coxal spine directed laterad, set off by right angles from main coxal margin ( Fig. 9 A ) ...... ......................................................................................................... P. megalacanthum Attems, 1912 – Lateral coxal spine different.............................................................................................................3 3. Lateral coxal spine directed basad, in part overlying main body of coxa ( Fig. 9 B) ....................... ............................................................................................................. P. frundsbergi (Attems, 1927) – Lateral coxal spine different.............................................................................................................4 4. Tip of distal telomere process ( tdp ) divided into two equal branches ( Fig. 10 A ). Gonopod coxa profile as Fig. 9 C ............................................................ P. bifidum VandenSpiegel & Pierrard, 2009 – Tip of distal telomere process not divided into two equal branches, but one or two small subapical processes may be present..................................................................................................................5 5. Distal telomere process ( tdp ) ending in three dark spines ( Fig. 10 B). Gonopod coxa profile as Fig. 9 D ................................................................................................ P. tricuspis Brolemann, 1920 – Tip of distal telomere process at most with a single accessory process/spine...........................6 6. Proximal telomere process ( tpp ) distally expanded, asymmetrically club-shaped ( Fig. 11 A –F)......7 – Proximal telomere process not strongly expanded distally ( Fig. 11 G–K).......................................12 7. Distal telomere process ( tdp ) with a small accessory process ( Fig. 10 C)....................................8 – Distal telomere process without accessory process (like Fig. 10 D).............................................9 8. Lateral coxal spine relatively short, directed almost basad ( Fig. 9 E). Proximal telomere process ( tpp ) moderately asymmetrical ( Fig. 11 A ) ............................................. P. aculeatum Attems, 1914 – Lateral coxal spine directed almost laterad ( Fig. 8 F). Proximal telomere process strongly asymmetrical ( Fig. 11 B) ............................................................. P. ndelei VandenSpiegel & Pierrard, 2009 9. Coxa mesapically rounded ( Fig. 9 G). Proximal telomere process as in Fig. 11 C ............................... ...................................................................................................................... P. serratum Attems, 1909 – Coxa mesapically with a spinous projection ( Fig. 9 H–J, arrows)................................................10 10. Distal margins of proximal telomere process ( tpp ) smooth ( Fig. 10 D). Gonopod coxa profile as Fig. 9 H .................................................................................................. P. dentigerum Verhoeff, 1941 – Distal margin of proximal telomere process wavy or with a denticle ( Fig. 11 E–F).........11 11. Distal margin of proximal telomere process ( tpp ) wavy ( Fig. 11 E). Gonopod coxa profile as Fig. 9 I ............................................................................................................. P. tanganjikum Verhoeff, 1941 – Distal margin of proximal telomere process with a single denticle ( Fig. 11 F, arrow). Gonopod coxa profile as Fig. 9 J .............................................................................. P. xerophilum ( Carl, 1909 ) Fig. 9. Prionopetalum spp., outlines of distal part of gonopod coxa. The species appear in the sequence in which they key out in the identification key. A . P. megalacanthum (after a specimen in NHMW). B . P. frundsbergi (based on Kraus 1960 ). C . P. bifidum (based on VandenSpiegel & Pierrard 2009 ). D . P. tricuspis (based on Brolemann 1920 ). E . P. aculeatum (based on Kraus 1960 ). F . P. ndelei (based on VandenSpiegel & Pierrard 2009 ). G . P. serratum (based on Kraus 1960 ). H . P. dentigerum (based on Kraus 1960 ). I . P. tanganjikum (based on Kraus 1960 ). J . P. xerophilum (based on Kraus 1960 ). K . P. clarum (based on Kraus 1960 ). L . P. pulchellum (based on Kraus 1960 ). M . P. etiennei (based on Demange 1982 ). N . P. lindi (based on VandenSpiegel & Pierrard 2009 ). O . P. coronatum (based on Kraus 1958 ). P . P. exaratum (based on Kraus 1960 ). Q . P. cornutum (based on Kraus 1960 ). R . P. kraepelini (orig.). S . P. glomeratum (based on Attems 1935 ). T . P. urbicolum (based on Kraus 1960 ). U . P. suave (based on Kraus 1960 ). V . P. fryeri (based on Kraus 1960 ). W . P. asperginis sp. nov. (orig). Not to scale. 12. Proximal telomere process ( tpp ) straight, apically rounded ( Fig. 11 G). Body diameter 5.5 mm . Gonopod coxa profile as Fig. 9 K ..................................................... P. clarum ( Chamberlin, 1927 ) – Proximal telomere process slightly curved, pointed ( Fig. 11 H). Body diameter 3 mm . Gonopod coxa profile as Fig. 9 L .............................................................................. P. pulchellum Kraus, 1960 13. Coxa with a strongly curved lateral spine ( Fig. 9 M–N)............................................................14 – Lateral coxal spine, if present, not strongly curved.....................................................................15 14. Gonopod coxa profile as Fig. 9 M. Body diameter 2.5 mm ............ P. etiennei Damange, 1982 – Gonopod coxa profile as Fig. 9 N. Body diameter 3.3–3.8 mm ........................................................ ............................................................................................ P. lindi VandenSpiegel & Pierrard, 2009 15. Lateral coxal spine sizeable, directed apicad and partly overlying main body of coxa. Coxa apically bifid ( Fig. 9 O–Q)...............................................................................................................16 – Coxa at most with a tiny lateral spine or bump ( Fig. 9 R–W).............................................18 16. Both apical branches of coxa pointed, the mesal branch hook-like ( Fig. 9 O) ................................ ................................................................................................................... P. coronatum Kraus, 1958 – Mesal-apical branch of coxa not pointed ( Fig. 9 P–Q)...............................................................17 17. Gonopod coxa profile as Fig. 9 P ........................................................ P. exaratum ( Attems, 1938 ) – Gonopod coxa profile as Fig. 9 Q ............................................................ P. cornutum Kraus, 1958 18. Proximal telomere process ( tpp ) with several lobes along one side ( Fig. 11 I). Gonopod coxa profile as Fig. 9 R ................................................................................. P. kraepelini ( Attems, 1896 ) – Proximal telomere process at most with a single lateral lobe ( Fig. 11 J–K)..........................19 19. Coxal apex hook-like ( Fig. 9 S). Body diameter 2.5 mm .................... P. glomeratum Attems, 1935 – Coxal apex not hook-like ( Fig. 9 T–W). Body diameter 4.4–5 mm ............................................20 20. Coxal apex with three mesad processes ( Fig. 9 T) ................................ P. urbicolum ( Carl, 1909 ) – Coxal apex with two mesad processes ( Fig. 9 U–W)...................................................................21 Fig. 10. Prionopetalum spp., outlines of distal telomere process ( tdp ). A . P. bifidum (based on VandenSpiegel & Pierrard 2009 ). B . P. tricuspis (based on VandenSpiegel & Pierrard 2009 ). C . P. aculeatum (based on Attems 1914 ). D . P. asperginis sp. nov. (orig.). Not to scale. 21. Both mesad processes of coxal apex pointed ( Fig. 9 U) ...................... P. suave (Gerstäcker, 1873) – Subapical mesad process of coxal apex rounded ( Fig. 9 V–W).....................................................22 22. Gonopod coxa profile as Fig. 8 V. Solenomere with a short accessory branch at c . ⅔ of its length. Proximal telomere process as Fig. 11 J. ............................................................ P. fryeri ( Turk , 1956) – Gonopod coxa profile as Fig. 8 W. Solenomere without an accessory branch. Proximal telomere process as Fig. 11 K ........................................................................................... P. asperginis sp. nov.