Molecular assessment of flat Cystocloniaceae (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from Brazil with reinstatement of Calliblepharis jolyi and a new record of C. saidana for the Atlantic Ocean Author Soares, Luanda Pereira 0000-0002-4207-5022 Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ficologia, Av. Miguel Estéfano, 3687, Água Funda, 04301 - 902 - São Paulo, SP - Brazil luanda87@gmail.com Author Fujii, Mutue Toyota 0000-0001-6752-1570 Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ficologia, Av. Miguel Estéfano, 3687, Água Funda, 04301 - 902 - São Paulo, SP - Brazil mutue.fujii@gmail.com text Phytotaxa 2020 2020-04-20 439 3 243 254 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.439.3.6 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.439.3.6 1179-3163 13873028 Calliblepharis saidana (Holmes) M.Y. Yang & M.S. Kim, Algae 32: 93 (2017) . ( Figs. 4–5 ) Basionym: — Hypnea saidana Holmes (1895) . Type locality: —Enoshima, Japan . Vegetative morphology: Thalli were erect, delicate, red-brownish, flattened to compressed, with 7–16 mm high ( Fig. 4A–B ), attached to the substratum by a small discoid holdfast ( Fig. 4C ). Presence of few anastomoses between branches ( Fig. 4D ), which were 0.5–1.0 mm wide, oppositely branched with some dichotomous apices. Thallus organization was uniaxial, with apical cell clearly visible ( Fig. 4E ). In surface view, cortical cells were irregular to polygonal, with outer cortical cell forming incipient rosettes ( Fig. 4F ). In longitudinal section, an axial filament was surrounded by filaments of elongated cells, linked by secondary pit-connections ( Fig. 4G ). In cross section, thalli were 162.5–212.5 μm thick, with 5–6 layers of rounded to compressed medullary cells ( Fig. 4H ). The cortex was composed of 1–2 small, rounded to rectangular cortical cells ( Fig. 4I ). Lenticular thickenings and unicellular hairs were not observed. Reproductive morphology: Male gametophytes were not observed. Cystocarps were globose, sessile, and were formed at the edge of opposite branches or main axis ( Fig. 5A ). Gonimoblast filaments develop outwardly producing carposporangia, while others develop inwardly forming a reticulum of interconnected filaments, linked by secondary pit connections ( Fig. 5B–C ). No fusion cell was formed. Transverse sterile filaments penetrated the pericarp ( Fig. 5D ). At maturity, the reticular placenta was surrounded by chains of rounded to ovoid carposporangia, 12.5–20.0 μm in diameter ( Fig. 5E ). Mature cystocarps were 400–750 μm wide and lacked ostioles ( Fig. 5F ). Tetrasporangia were clustered in sori ( Fig. 5G ) and zonately divided, 32.5–52.5 μm long and 22.5–27.5 μm wide ( Fig. 5H ). Habitat and distribution: Calliblepharis saidana was collected in São Paulo (Lázaro Beach), southeastern Brazil , as an epiphyte of Ceratodictyon repens (Kützing) R.E. Norris. Specimens of C. saidana were found only in October 2016 .