Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995 Author Zajonz, Uwe Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF), Marine Zoology-Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Author Bogorodsky, Sergey V. Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF), Marine Zoology-Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. & Station of Naturalists, Omsk, Russia. Author Saeed, Fouad K. N. Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF), Marine Zoology-Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. & Environmental Protection Authority, Socotra Branch, Hadibo, Yemen. Author Aideed, Moteah S. Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF), Marine Zoology-Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. & Maritime Affairs Authority, Mukalla, Yemen. Author Lavergne, Edouard text Zootaxa 2023 2023-12-20 5389 3 301 330 https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1 1175-5326 10410051 3E7237B4-85C5-4581-B469-ED1C00154413 Chlorurus strongylocephalus ( Bleeker, 1855 ) Scarus strongylocephalus Bleeker, 1855: 439 ; holotype : whereabouts unknown; type locality: Sumatra and Java , western Indonesia . Roundhead Parrotfish Figure 3 Material examined: Underwater photographs. Distinctive characters: Body depth 2.4–2.7 in SL; head very steep from mouth to above level of eye, with obvious convexity on forehead in terminal males; teeth fully fused to form dental plates, less than one-fourth covered by lips; cutting edge of dental plates distinctly denticulate; caudal fin truncate with prolonged lobes in terminal males. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 15–17; median predorsal scales 4, first largest; cheek with 3 scale rows, lower row with 5–7 scales. Colouration : Initial phase yellowish green dorsally, becoming lavender-pink on sides and ventrally. Body of terminal males green, blue anterodorsally, the scales with a vertical lavender-pink bar; head greenish blue with green blotch on opercle, edge of lips with green band; smaller males with green-yellow or green cheek; short green stripes radiating from eye in both phases. Distribution: Oman south to Mozambique , Madagascar , and the Mascarene Islands, east to the Andaman Sea, Christmas Island , and western Indonesia . Known in the Arabian region from the eastern Gulf of Aden , Socotra Archipelago, and southern Oman (Randall 1995). Replaced in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden by Chlorurus gibbus (Rüppell, 1829) . Remarks: Photographed individuals match the description of Chlorurus strongylocephalus ( Randall & Bruce 1983 ; Randall 1995), supporting the record of Zajonz et al . (2019) . The species was observed relatively frequently as solitary individual or occasionally as 2–3 individuals in all islands of the Archipelago. Encountered on Socotra Island at several northern localities in coral-dominated or rocky habitats at depths of 3– 15 m .