The Heliothinae of Iran (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Author Matov, Alexej Author Zahiri, Reza Author Holloway, Jeremy D. text Zootaxa 2008 1763 1 37 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.181966 1822bdf4-a38e-45f5-bf44-83bd611e100e 1175-5326 181966 Pyrrhia umbra (Hufnagel, 1766) Pl. 2, fig. 11; male genitalia Pl. 5, fig. 29; female genitalia Pl. 9, fig. 45. Phalaena umbra Hufnagel, 1766 , Berl. Mag. 3 : 294, Taf. 51: 6 (TL.: Germany : Berlin). Synonymy: Noctua rutilago [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775, Noctua marginata Fabricius, 1775 , Phalaena ( Noctua ) conspicua Borkhausen, 1792 , Phalaena ( Noctua ) umbrago Esper , [1796], Noctua marginago Haworth, 1809 , Heliothis cilisca Guenee, 1852 , Hydroecia tibetana Moore, 1878 , Chariclea vexilliger Christoph, 1893 . References : Christoph 1877 ( Chariclea umbra ); Hampson 1910; Hacker 1990; Ebert & Hacker 2002 ( Pyrrhia umbra ). Distribution : Transpalaearctic. Europe, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Kazakhstan , Central Asia, south Siberia, Far East, China (including Tibet), north India , Nepal , Australia (introduced). – In Iran (Pl. 11, fig. 59) occurs in provinces West Azerbaijan , Guilan, Mazandaran, Golestan and Tehran. Bionomics: Bivoltine. Moths flying from May to October. The species inhabits steppe habitats on lowmedium elevations from 0 to 1800 m . Larvae are polyphagous, feed on 33 species of herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees of 16 botanical families, prefer Fabaceae and Scrophulariaceae . Material examined: 61 specimens from provinces West Azerbaijan , Guilan, Mazandaran, Golestan and Tehran, collected between 14.V to 29.X on elevations from 0 to 1800 m .