Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Author Vilela, Lucas Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Rua do Matão, 277, ed. Sobre-as-Ondas, 05508 - 090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & Universidade Anhembi-Morumbi, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Dr. Almeida Lima, 1134, 03101 - 001, Mooca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. vilela.lucas@hotmail.com Author Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Rua do Matão, 277, ed. Sobre-as-Ondas, 05508 - 090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. jenifer.clopes@gmail.com text European Journal of Taxonomy 2022 2022-07-11 828 75 108 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859 journal article 95358 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859 c5427427-07fc-4449-ba86-25f19cd47482 2118-9773 6823766 Hornschuchia mellosilvae L.Vilela & J.C.Lopes Fig. 6 Phytotaxa 520 (3): 274, figs 1–2 ( Lopes et al. 2021 ). Type : BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Almadina , Rodovia de Almadina para Ibitupã ca 20 km . Fazenda São Roque, ca 10 km da entrada do ramal à esquerda ”; 14°38′27″ S , 39°42′47″ W ; 12 Mar. 2005 ; P. Fiaschi 2784 ; holotype : SPF [ SPF00168936 ]!; isotypes: CEPEC [ CEPEC00104268 ]!, NY [ NY01282018 ] !. Material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Antônio Cardoso , 20 km de Feira de Santana, na BR-116, Fazenda Sossego”; [ 12°22′50.9″ S , 39°06′49.5″ W ]; 14Apr. 1995 ; E. Mello 1143 ; SPF [ SPF00146918 ]!, SPF [ SPF00133100 ] !. Description Shrubs or treelets. Leaves chartaceous to subcoriaceous, petiole 2–7 mm long, lamina 6–11.6 × 2.4– 5.3 cm , narrowly elliptic to elliptic or lanceolate, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate to acute or obtuse, apex acuminate to acute or obtuse, primary vein impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, 8–12 secondary veins, angles between primary and secondary veins 50–60°. Inflorescence one-flowered, supra-axillary or terminal or ramiflorous, bracts absent. Flowers with pedicel 2–4 mm long, flower buds 5–7 × 2–3 mm , conical, densely to sparsely covered in trichomes. Sepals completely connate, calyx cupuliform, apex truncate, 3–8 × 2–5 mm , densely covered in trichomes. Petals linear, white, outer petals (9–)20–24 × (1.5–) 2–3 mm , inner petals 15 × 3 mm , densely covered in trichomes, stamens 10, ca 4 × 0.5 mm , carpels 4, ca 5.5 × 1 mm , densely covered in trichomes. Monocarp 1, obloid with acute apex, rugose, 20–24 × 9–12 mm , glabrous, green in vivo, stipe 1–2 mm long, calyx persistent. Seeds 4, obloid-flattened, 15–18 × 8 mm , with aril. Distribution and habitat Hornschuchia mellosilvae occurs inland in Bahia . It inhabits semideciduous seasonal forest and lowland tropical moist forest ( Gouvêa et al. 1976 ; Thomas & Barbosa 2008 ; Fig. 6 ). Phenology Flowering from March to April, fruiting in March. Preliminary conservation status Endangered, EN B2ab(iii) ( Lopes et al. 2021 ). Notes Hornschuchia mellosilvae and H. bryotrophe are the only species in the genus with ramiflory. However, H. bryotrophe is easily recognized by its leaves with evident commissural veins ( Fig. 2B ), absent in H. mellosilvae . Some individuals of H. mellosilvae also present supra-axillary or terminal inflorescence, features shared with H. mediterranea . See note under H. mediterranea to differentiate the two species.