Biodiversity and phylogeny of Marasmius (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Madagascar Author Shay, Jackie E. Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA Author Desjardin, Dennis E. Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA Author Perry, Brian A. Author Grace, Chris L. Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA Author Newman, Danny S. Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA text Phytotaxa 2017 2017-01-25 292 2 101 149 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.1 1179-3163 13697833 1. Marasmius rotalis Berk. & Broome, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 40. 1873 (1875). ( Fig. 2 , Plate 1 ) Type :— SRI LANKA . Peradeniya, Thwaites 810 ( K !) Description:— Pileus 1–5 mm diam, campanulate to umbilicate, shallowly depressed; margin plicate to sulcate, crenate; surface dry, glabrous; white to buff or pale gray (5 B 2–3). Context thin, concolorous. Lamellae adnate to a collarium, distant (8–11), no lamellulae, non-intervenose, broad ( 0.5–0.8 mm ), white, non-marginate. Stipe 8–54 × 0.2 mm , central, cylindrical, hollow, wiry, insititious; surface glabrous; dark brown to black overall. Odor and taste not distinctive. FIGURE 2. Marasmius rotalis ( JES 141, JES 145, JES 150B ) a) basidiospores; b) basidioles; c) cheilocystidia; d) pileipellis cells. Scale bar = 10 μm. Illustrated by J.E. Shay. Basidiospores (6.4–) 7.2–10.4 (–11.2) × 3.2–4.8 (–5) μm [x mr = 8.4–8.9 × 3.7–4.2 μm; x mm = 8.7 ± 0.3 × 4.0 ± 0.3 μm; Q = 1.5–3.3; Q mr = 2.09–2.28; Q mm = 2.19 ± 0.1, n = 24–25, s = 3], ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled. Basidia not observed. Basidioles 13.6–23.2 × 4–8 μm, clavate to fusoid, some utriform, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled. Cheilocystidia numerous, of Rotalis - type broom cells; main body 6.8–20 × 8–22.4 μm, clavate to broadly clavate, globose, subglobose or obpyriform, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled; divergent setulae 0.5–2.4 × 0.5–2.4 μm, cylindrical to conical, obtuse, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis not mottled, a hymeniform layer of Rotalis - type broom cells; main body 8–34 × 8–28 μm, clavate to broadly clavate, subglobose or globose, pale yellowish brown to hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled; divergent setulae 0.5–3 × 0.2–1.6 μm, numerous, cylindrical to conical, pale yellowish brown to hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled. Pileus trama interwoven; hyphae 1.6– 4.8 μm diam, cylindrical, smooth, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled. Lamellar trama regular; hyphae 1.6–9.6 μm diam, cylindrical to slightly inflated, smooth, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled. Stipe tissue monomitic; cortical hyphae 3–4 μm diam, parallel, cylindrical, smooth, yellowish brown to brown, dextrinoid, thick-walled; medullary hyphae 1.6–6 μm diam, parallel, cylindrical, smooth, hyaline, inamyloid, thin-walled. Caulocystidia absent. Clamp connections present. Habit, habitat, and known distribution:—Solitary or gregarious on leaves of Cephalostachium vigueri (bamboo), Cynodon dactylon ( Poaceae ), and various unknown dicotyledonous leaves and stems. Africa ( Benin , Cameroon , DR Congo , Kenya , Malawi , Nigeria , Tanzania , Uganda ), Indonesia ( Java ), Madagascar , Papua New Guinea , South America ( Colombia ), Sri Lanka . Material examined:— MADAGASCAR . Commune Ranomafana , District Ifanadiana , Region Vatovavy-Fitovinany , Ranomafana National Park , Circuit Vohiparara , elev. 1062 m , GPS: 21˚ 14.255’ S , 47˚ 23.409’ E , 21 January 2014 , J . E . Shay 141 ( SFSU ) & J . E . Shay 145 ( SFSU ) ; Piste B , elev. 1004 m , GPS: 21˚ 15.413’ S , 47˚ 25.253’ E , 22 January 2014 , J . E . Shay 150 B ( SFSU ) . Notes:— Marasmius rotalis forms small ( 1–5 mm diam), white to pale grayish pilei, distant (8–11), collariate lamellae, dark brown, wiry insititious stipe, basidiospores in the range 7.2–10.4 × 3.2–5 μm, Rotalis - type broom cells, and growth on dicotyledonous leaves, bamboo or various grasses. A quick comparison with M. apatelius indicates that they differ primarily in pileus color, paler and whitish in M. rotalis and more brownish in M. apatelius . ITS sequences of the Madagascar specimens of M. rotalis ( KX 148999, KX149000, KX 149001) align with GenBank sequences of M. rotalis and M. rotula , in a clade with other members of sect. Marasmius subsect. Marasmius . ( Fig. 1c ).