Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace. Author Smith, F. text Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 1857 2 42 88 http://antbase.org/ants/publications/2588/2588.pdf journal article 2588 D09C3FFA-7EB5-4A2D-A55E-A3229619A2A2 4. Polyrhachis defensus . P. niger; capito thoraceque minute verrucatis, thorace spinis duabus longis antice, duabus postice, armato; abdomine opaco ferrugineo-rufo. Worker. Length 3 1/2 lines. Head and thorax black, and coarsely shagreened; the thorax armed with two long stout spines at the angles of the prothorax, and two similar ones at the posterior angles of the metathorax; the scale of the abdomen with two long stout spines diverging and curved backwards. Abdomen globose, of a dull opake rusty-red. Hab. Singapore. Java. Specimens from Java, in the British Museum, have the abdomen black.