Relicts from Tertiary Australasia: undescribed families and subfamilies of songbirds (Passeriformes) and their zoogeographic signal
Author
Schoddei, Richard
Author
Christidis, Les
text
Zootaxa
2014
2014-04-14
3786
5
501
522
journal article
5634
10.11646/zootaxa.3786.5.1
cdd39956-de72-43ea-afa3-cf79f805dd83
1175-5326
4913561
D2764982-F7D7-4922-BF3F-8314FE9FD869
Subfamily
Lamproliinae
,
subfamilia nova
―silktails
Type
genus:
Lamprolia
Finsch, 1874
Diagnosis.
Medium-small, rather slender black songbirds with glossed or spangled plumage over the head, and patches of silky white exposed over rump and central tail feathers (
Lamprolia
) or hidden in base of inner wing coverts (
Chaetorhynchus
);
sexes
nearly monomorphic, females smaller and rather duller than males;
head
broad, the
bill
flycatcher-like, all black, maxilla well-hooked, mandible with unguinal ridge, tomia smooth except for terminal maxillary notch, narial depression elliptic, with inoperculate, holorhinal, internally pervious nostrils opening externally in round apertures distal in narial depression, rictal bristles coarse, extending to near tip of bill in
Chaetorhynchus
;
skull
(
Chaetorhynchus
) with near-imperforate interorbital septum, narrow, short-winged ectethmoids that reach the jugal bar, round-lobed maxillo-palatines, short-horned vomer, broad palatine shelf with shallowly attenuate transpalatine processes, slender pterygoids fused to the palatine shelf, and moderately large, oblate temporal fossae flanked by short, terete, ventrally projecting postorbital processes and short, simple, spiny, anteriorly projecting zygomatic processes;
sternum
(
Chaetorhynchus
) narrow, especially distally, with deep keel 1 x sternum width, lateral trabeculae medium-long,
c
. ⅓–½ x length of sternum, abruptly and slightly flared at tips, sternal rostrum moderately long and deeply bilaterally compressed;
wings
(
Chaetorhynchus
) broadly rounded, primaries 10 with p10 moderately developed, p6> p5=p7> p8> p4;
humeral fossae
(
Chaetorhynchus
) single with deep trabeculated outer fossa, rather shallow
incisura capitis
, moderately protuberant ventral tubercle and short pectoral crest not decurrent below fossa;
tail
medium-long and slightly rounded in
Lamprolia
, longer, narrower and square-tipped in
Chaetorhynchus
, tail/wing ratio (0.83–)0.84–0.87(–0.91), the 12 rectrices slightly flared with broadly truncated outer to rounded inner tips (
Chaetorhynchus
);
feet
short, faintly scutellate to booted.
Nest
a bulky cup of closely interwoven tendrils, fiber, rootlets and shredded bark strips, lined with down and feathers, camouflaged loosely with green moss and leafy liverworts, and suspended at the rim from a horizontal fork in saplings
c.
1–3 m
above the ground, usually under a large protecting leaf (
Lamprolia
); eggs
c
. 1 per clutch, whitishpink, blotched sparsely lilac and dull red-brown (
Lamprolia
). Arboreal, forest-living insectivores of lower forest stages, sallying and hawking from set perches and gleaning along branches, with bowing and tail flicking (
Coates 1990: 142
;
Pratt
et al
. 1987: 248
); apparently monogamous.
Range and composition.
Lower montane rainforests of New
Guinea
, and rainforests of
Fiji
; two genera:
Chaetorhynchus
Meyer, 1874
, of one species:
C. papuensis
Meyer, 1874
, New
Guinea
;
Lamprolia
Finsch, 1874
, of one species:
L. victoriae
Finsch, 1874
,
Fiji
.
Nomenclature.
Although the generic names of the two silktails were published in the same year, choice of the
type
genus,
Lamprolia
, for forming the subfamily name here was guided by Article 64 of the Code, not Article 24. Article 64 directs that any included nominal genus treated as valid in the new family-group is eligible; thus no first reviser action is required.
Group name.
With the finding that
Chaetorhynchus
is not a drongo, it seems advisable to avoid its misleading English name, Pygmy Drongo. We suggest ‘Silktail’ as the least disturbing group name for the members of this subfamily, for which the distinguishing species names ‘Papuan’ (
C. papuensis
) and ‘Fiji’ (
L. victoriae
) would then be suitable.