Four new species and new records of Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera: Empididae) from Northern and Northeastern Regions of Brazil Author Sena, Jasmine Déa Nogueira Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Laboratório de Estudos dos Invertebrados, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, 65604 - 380, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil Author Rafael, José Albertino Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Author Limeira-De-Oliveira, Francisco Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Laboratório de Estudos dos Invertebrados, 65604 - 380, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil text Zootaxa 2024 2024-08-02 5492 1 25 51 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5492.1.2 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5492.1.2 1175-5326 13211957 9929076B-8C49-4E7E-BBC2-7DDC052DE8D5 Macrostomus cummingi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EBDBF650-3996-4FA2-9393-AA77C1F07137 ( Figs 78–101 ) Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Dr. Jeffrey Cumming, for his important contribution to the study of Diptera in the world. Diagnosis. Thorax yellow ( Fig. 78 ), with 3 dorsocentrals. Abdomen shiny brown ( Fig. 78 ), yellowish on segments 1–2. Tergite 8 with subdistal region narrower than the distal in dorsal view; distal region bifid, sclerotized ( Fig. 83 ). Posterodorsal epandrial lobe with subdistal projection in posterior view ( Fig. 93 ). Hypandrium with rounded and robust subdistal lateral projection in lateral view ( Fig. 94 ), distally rounded and ending acuminate in ventral view, with some setae ( Fig. 95 ). Female legs mainly brown with pennate setae dorsally and ventrally on mid femur, hind femur and tibia ( Fig. 96 ). Sternite 8 with a sinuosity on the lateral margin in the middle in lateral view ( Fig. 100 ). Holotype ♂ ( Fig. 78 ). Body length 3.7 mm , wing length 2.9 mm . Description. Head ( Figs 79, 80 ). Narrowly dichoptic. Frons black, shiny, narrow, slightly narrower than anterior ocellus. Face narrow ventrally, narrower and lighter than frons, black, subshiny. Postcranium shiny, black, with sparse gray pruinosity. Inner vertical setae as long as ocellar setae and about 2.0X longer than outer vertical setae the later same length of uniserial postocular row of setae. Gena and postgena with 3 and 2 setae, respectively. Antenna velvety brown; pedicel with a ring of dark setae distally. Proboscis slightly longer than head height, yellow. Palpus light brown, with 2 long setae, 1 subproximal ventral and 1 distal ventral. Thorax ( Fig. 78 ). Yellow. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 4 antepronotals; 3 postpronotals, 2 minute anterior and 1 stout posterior; 3 dorsocentrals, posterior pair longer; 1 presutural supra-alar; 1 postsutural supra-alar, 2 notopleurals, posterior about 2.0 X longer and stouter than anterior; 2 postalars, 1 stout, 1 minute; 2 proepisternals minute, 2 scutellars, lateral weaker than subdistal; 6 laterotergals, anterior row longer and distinct. Legs ( Fig. 78 ). Predominantly yellow, except fore tarsomere 1 with distal ½ white and tarsomeres 2–5 whitish; light brown or brown at following points: (i) proximal ½ of fore tarsomere I, (ii) distal ⅙ of hind femur, (iii) distal ⅓ of hind tibia, (iv) entire tarsus. Hind femur with 1 stout setae on ventral surface of distal ⅓. Hind tibia increased in diameter distally, with 4 stout, long dorsal setae. Hind tarsus with 1 stout, long seta. Wing ( Fig. 81 ). Almost hyaline, except distal ⅕ of cell r 2+3 , including distal pterostigma and ¼ of cell r 4+5 , around crossvein dm-m and slightly at apex of cell bm , brown. Veins M 1 , M 2 and CuA+CuP evanescent distally. Distal section of M 4 about ½ length of crossvein dm-m . Halter light brown. Abdomen ( Fig. 78 ). Shiny brown, yellowish on segments 1–2. Tergite 8 subtriangular, subdistal region narrower than distal; distal region bifid, sclerotized with stout, long setae distally, in dorsal view; with two parallel projections ( Fig. 83 ), flattened laterally, with sinuosity, in lateral view ( Fig. 84 ). Sternite 8 ( Fig. 85 ) with deep U-shaped notch basally; stout setae distally, longer than length of sclerite, in ventral view. Male Terminalia. Epandrium ( Figs 91, 92 ) subtriangular, swollen, without anterodorsal break; posterodorsal lobe longer than anterodorsal lobe; anterodorsal lobe short and triangular; posterodorsal lobe robust, with subdistal projection in posterior view, with long setae ( Figs 92, 93 ). Anterior cercus ( Figs 87, 88 ), small, flattened dorsally and ventromedially, with acute internal anterodorsal projection. Cercal bridge ( Figs 87, 88 ) small, sclerotized, in dorsal view, umbrella-shaped. Median cercus ( Figs 92, 93 ) internal, digitiform, with setae distally. Posterior cercus ( Figs 92, 93 ) subrectangular, with pair of distinctly separated projections and internally curved. Subepandrial sclerite stout, in anterior view. Hypandrium ( Figs 94, 95 ) with rounded, stout subdistal lateral projection in lateral view; distally rounded and ending acuminate, with some setae, in ventral view. Ejaculatory apodeme ( Figs 92–94 ) tetralamellar. Phallus slightly shorter than hypandrium, cylindrical with clearly tapered distal end ( Fig. 94 ). Female ( Figs 96–101 ). A specimen from same locality, in good condition, with 3 dorsocentrals setae, is herein associated with male. Abdomen shiny brown. Legs predominantly brown, except (i) fore leg, (ii) proximal ⅓ of middle femur, (iii) entire middle tibia, (iv) proximal ⅓ of hind femur. Middle femur with pennate setae dorsally and ventrally. Middle tibia with 1 dorsal median seta. Hind femur with pennate setae dorsally and ventrally, proximal ⅓ without pennate setae ventrally ( Fig. 96 ). Hind tibia with pennate setae dorsally and ventrally, distal ⅓ without pennate setae ventrally, with 4 stout, long dorsal setae ( Fig. 96 ). Hind tarsus with 1 stout, long dorsal seta ( Fig. 96 ). Wing ( Fig 97 ) mainly brown; slightly infusated or hyaline at following points: (i) ⅑ sub-basal of cell r 4+5 ; (ii) ⅕ subdistal of cell r 4+5 and; (iii) distal ¼ of cell bm ; (iv) median region of cell dm ; (v) distal ¾ of cell m 1 ; (vi) distal ⅔ of cell m 2 ; (vii) cell m 4 ; (viii) anal lobe. Terminalia ( Figs 98–101 ). Brown. Tergite and sternite 8 subequal in length ( Fig. 98 ). Tergite 8 ( Fig. 99 ), with distinct concave sinus posteriorly, tergite 9+10 with rectangular sinus anteriorly, in dorsal view. Sternite 8 ( Fig. 98 ) with sinuosity on lateral margin in middle in lateral view; less sclerotized in posterior half, wider in distal half and less sclerotized, ending acuminate, in ventral view ( Fig. 100 ). Genital fork ( Fig. 101 ) small, Y-shaped with short lateral arms; membranous genital chamber. FIGURES 78–82. Macrostomus cummingi sp nov . Holotype ♂. 78. habitus, lateral view; 79. head, dorsal view; 80. head, ventral view; 81. wing; 82. apex of abdomen, lateral view. Scale bars, figures 78–81= 0.5 mm; 82= 0.1 mm. FIGURES 83–95. Macrostomus cummingi sp nov . Paratype ♂ (83–88) (90–95) and M. pictipennis (Bezzi) (89). 83. tergite 8, dorsal view; 84. tergite 8, lateral view; 85. sternite 8, ventral view; 86. terminalia, left lateral view, without left epandrium; 87. cerci, posterior view; 88. detail of cercal bridge, dorsal view. 89 . detail of cercal bridge of M. pictipennis , dorsal view. 90. terminalia, right lateral view. 91. epandrium, detached, lateral view; 92. median and posterior cercus, dorsal view; 93. median and posterior cercus, ventral view; 94. hypandrium an phallus, lateral view; 95. hypandrium, ventral view. Scale bars, figures 83–95= 0.1 mm. FIGURES 96–101. Macrostomus cummingi sp nov . Paratype ♀. 96. middle and hind leg; 97. wing; 98. apex of the abdomen, lateral view; 99. tergite 8, dorsal view; 100. sternite 8, ventral view; 101. genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view. Scale bars, figures 96–101= 0.1 mm. Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (pinned) deposited at CZMA: Brazil , MA [= Maranhão ] , C.[=Centro] N. [=Novo] [do] Maranhão , REBIO-Res. [=Reserva] Biol.[=Biológica] [do] Gurupi , 03°14'01"S- 46°40'52"W \ Armadilha MALAISE (Pequena), 1–14.ii.2022 , F. Limeira-de-Oliveira , A. Tôrres & E.S. Pessoa , cols [=collectors] / PROTAX\ FLO 6634 . PARATYPES : idem \ FLO 6638 (wing and terminalia in microtube) ( 1♂ , CZMA ) ; idem \ FLO 7518 (wing and terminalia in microtube) ( 1♀ , CZMA ) ; idem \ Armadilha MALAISE (Grande) , idem \ FLO 6772 ( 1♂ , MPEG ) ; idem \ FLO 6636 ( 1♂ , CZMA ) ; idem \ FLO 6774 ( 1♂ , CZMA ) ; idem \ 10–20.i.2022 , idem \ FLO 6635 (terminalia in microtube) ( 1♂ , MNRJ ) ; idem \ FLO 6773 ( 1♂ , MZUSP ) ; idem \ 20–31.i.2022 , idem \ FLO 6771 (terminalia in microtube) ( 1♂ , CZMA ) ; idem \ 14–28.ii.2022 , idem \ FLO 8395 (legs and terminalia in microtube) ( 1♀ , MZUSP ) ; idem \ 15–31.v.2022 , idem \ FLO 6639 (terminalia in microtube) ( 1♂ , CZMA ) ; idem \ FLO 6637 ( 1♂ , CZMA ) ; idem , Bom Jardim, REBIO-Res. Biol.\ Armadilha Malaise, 17–19.iv.2010 , F. Limeira-de-Oliveira , J. C. Silva , D. W. A. Marques , cols [=collectors] \ FLO 6640 (legs, wing and terminalia in microtube) ( 1♀ , MNRJ ) ; idem , C. [=Cândido] Mendes. Fazenda 7 Irmãos, 1°52'06"S- 45°45'59.7"W \ Arm. [=Armadilha] Malaise, 15–31.iii.2019 , F. Limeira-de-Oliveira , J.S. Brito & F.C.S. Pessoa , cols [=collectors] \ FLO 6776 Variation. Male (n=8): body length 3.2–4.0 mm, wing length 2.9–3.6 mm . Gena with 3–4 setae, postgena with 2–3 setae; thorax with 4–5 antepronotals setae, 1–3 proepisternals setae. Geographical records. BRAZIL ( Maranhão ). Seasonal record. From January to May. Bionomic. Amazon Biome Remarks. This species fit best in the M. pictipennis species-group as described by Rafael & Cumming (2010) . Macrostomus cummingi sp. nov. keys to couplet 3 and M. pictipennis (Bezzi) in the Macrostomus pictipennis species-group key presented by Rafael & Cumming (2010) . It differs from the latter by the male tergite 8 without subdistal break and a pair of projections with subdistal sinuosity in lateral view ( Figs 83–84 ) (male tergite 8 with subdistal break and a pair of projections with median sinuosity in lateral view in M. pictipennis (see Rafael & Cumming 2010 , fig. 5C)); epandrium with posterodorsal lobe in posterior view, with developed subdistal projection ( Fig. 93 ) (epandrium with posterodorsal lobe without projection in M. pictipennis ); cercal bridge umbrella-shaped in anterior view ( Fig. 88 ) (cercal bridge conical shaped in anterior view in M. pictipennis ( Fig. 89 )); posterior cercus subrectangular, with a pair of distinctly separated projections ( Figs 92–93 ) (posterior cercus triangular, with a pair of projections close to each other in M. pictipennis (see Rafael & Cumming 2010 , fig. 5C)); female with sternite 8 not medially narrowed, in ventral view ( Fig. 100 ) (female with sternite 8 with very narrow medial region in ventral view in M. pictipennis (see Rafael & Cumming 2010 , fig 5K)); genital fork with short lateral arms ( Fig. 101 ) (genital fork with long lateral arms in M. pictipennis (see Rafael & Cumming 2010 , fig. 5L)). Macrostomus cummingi sp. nov. was collected in Bom Jardim (March to April) and Centro Novo do Maranhão (January to February and May).