The sharpshooter geNUs Apogonalia EvaNs (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: CicadelliNi): descriptioN of females aNd key to species Author Felix, Márcio Author Mejdalani, Gabriel text Zootaxa 2017 2017-10-24 4338 1 101 127 journal article 31758 10.11646/zootaxa.4338.1.5 4fc4ef80-e5fe-4572-9a8e-af55c5ad5fbc 1175-5326 1035586 6934A56E-089A-47A4-AE68-8986B8C52847 Key to males and females of Apogonalia 1. Crown rounded anteriorly; eyes globular and swollen in dorsal view; pronotum with pair of anterolateral dark brown maculae posterior to eyes. ... insular species........................................................... 2 ( Figs 1 , 40, 41 ) - Crown generally triangular anteriorly; eyes elliptical and not swollen in dorsal view; pronotum without such pair of maculae. ... mainland species................................................................... 10 ( Figs 6 , 23 , 29, 30 ) 2. Crown with two pairs of large black marks on anterior margin; disc generally with pair of large black marks between ocelli and without longitudinal dark brown stripes........................................................ 3 ( Figs 1 , 51, 61 ) - Crown without such marks on anterior margin; disc with two pairs of narrow stripes ( Figs 40, 41 ) or with pair of broad stripes ( Fig. 85 ), longitudinal and dark brown..................................................................... 7 3. Pronotum with four anterior dark marks and two posterior ones on mediolateral portions ( Fig. 51 ); forewing with outer anteapical cell short ( Metcalf & Bruner 1936, fig. 50 ); median portion of corium with diagonal dark stripe extending from costal margin to inner discal cell ( Fig. 52 ); aedeagal shaft with long, spiniform dorsoapical process.............................................................................................. A. interrupta ( Dominican Republic , Haiti ) - Pronotum with two pairs of narrow longitudinal dark stripes on mediolateral portions ( Figs 68 , 78 ); forewing with outer anteapical cell long ( Young 1977, fig. 753q ); median portion of corium without diagonal stripe; aedeagal shaft without dorsoapical process.............................................................................................. 4 4. Crown with pair of black maculae between ocelli ( Figs 1 , 61 , 78 ); frons with pair of elongate V- or Y-shaped dark marks on mediolateral portions; clypeus with longitudinal dark stripe medially; aedeagal shaft with pair of basiventral ( Freytag 2004, figs 5, 9 ) or ventroapical ( Young 1977, fig. 747f ) acute processes; female sternite VII with pair of variable dark maculae on basilateral portions; posterior margin variably emarginated..................................................... 5 - Crown without pair of black maculae between ocelli ( Fig. 68 ; Freytag 2004 , fig. 11); frons without such pair of dark marks on mediolateral portions; clypeus with large dark mark dorsally; aedeagal shaft without pair of ventral processes ( Freytag 2004, fig. 16 ); female sternite VII uniformly colored, without distinct dark maculae on basilateral portions; posterior margin with short spine................................................................... A. noda ( Dominican Republic ) 5. Forewing with costal area at least anteriorly yellow or yellowish ( Fig. 79 ); female pygofer with posterior margin triangular ( Figs 4 , 82 )........................................................................................... 6 - Forewing with costal area not yellow or yellowish anteriorly; female pygofer with posterior margin narrowly convex..................................................................................... A. loxa ( Dominican Republic ) 6. Frons without elongate, inverted V- or Y-shaped dark mark medially; pronotum with pair of anterolateral dark maculae attaining anterior margin (Fig. 78); forewing with large, approximately elliptical black mark medially on outer discal cell (Fig. 79); aedeagal shaft with pair of ventroapical acute processes (Young 1977, fig. 747f); female sternite VIII with semilunar sclerite broadly convex anteromedially, without produced lobe ( Fig. 81 ).................. A. pinguis ( Dominican Republic , Haiti ) - Frons with such dark mark medially; pronotum with pair of anterolateral dark maculae not attaining anterior margin ( Fig. 1 ); forewing without such black mark medially on outer discal cell; aedeagal shaft with pair of basiventral acute processes ( Freytag 2004, fig. 5 ); female sternite VIII with semilunar sclerite produced anteromedially into narrowly convex lobe ( Fig. 3 )...................................................................... A. angusta ( Dominican Republic , Haiti ) 7. Forewing with large whitish mark bordered by brown medially on corium ( Fig. 48 ); male pygofer with posteroventral margin strongly concave ( Young 1977, fig. 745c ); aedeagal shaft entirely curved dorsally, without processes ( Young 1977, fig. 745f ); female pygofer with posterior margin triangular................................................ A. imitatrix ( Cuba ) - Forewing without such mark on corium; male pygofer with posteroventral margin convex ( Young 1977 , figs 746c, 758c, 759c); aedeagal shaft approximately rectilinear, with variable process on ventral margin ( Young 1977 , figs 746f, 758p, 759f); female pygofer generally with posterior margin narrowly convex ( Fig. 45 )......................................... 8 8. Paraphyses with rami robust, strongly bifurcated apically ( Young 1977, fig. 746h ); aedeagal shaft with pair of ventral processes not transversely aligned in lateral view ( Young 1977, fig. 746f ); female sternite VII with posterior subrectangular emargination ( Fig. 86 ); sternite VIII with small heart-shaped sclerite, dorsoventrally surrounded by pair of lateral smaller sclerites ( Fig. 87 )....................................................... A. sanguinipes ( Cayman Islands , Cuba , Jamaica ) - Paraphyses with rami moderately narrowed, not bifurcated apically ( Young 1977 , figs 758h, 759h); aedeagal shaft with pair of ventral processes transversely aligned in lateral view ( Young 1977 , figs 758p, 759f); female sternite VII medially concave posteriorly; sternite VIII with single trapezoid sclerite, more or less visible ( Figs 44 , 83 )................................ 9 9. Frons with median, inverted V-shaped dark brown mark; paraphyses with basal sclerite asymmetrical ( Young 1977, fig. 758h ); aedeagal shaft without pair of triangular lateral basimedian processes ( Young 1977 , figs 758f, 759f); female pygofer with posterior margin triangular ( Fig. 84 ); female sternite VII broadly convex posteriorly with shallow median concavity............................................................. A. robusta ( Bahamas , Cuba , Dominican Republic , Puerto Rico ) - Frons without such dark brown mark; paraphyses with basal sclerite symmetrical ( Young 1977, fig. 759h ); aedeagal shaft with pair of such processes ( Young 1977, fig. 758p ); female pygofer with posterior margin narrowly convex ( Fig. 45 ); female sternite VII narrowly convex posteriorly with deep median concavity ( Fig. 43 ).................................................................................. A. histrio ( Cayman Islands , Cuba , Dominican Republic , Haiti , Puerto Rico ) 10. Crown with two pairs of narrow, longitudinal dark brown stripes, posterior half without mosaic pattern; pronotum with two pairs of yellow or orange maculae bordered by black: one mediolateral pair and one lateral pair; mediolateral portions with two pairs of narrow, longitudinal dark brown stripes; forewing with large yellow or orange marks basally on corium..................................................................................................... 11 ( Figs 6 , 89 ) - Crown without such dark brown stripes, posterior half generally with mosaic pattern; pronotum without such pairs of maculae or only with one pair on mediolateral or lateral portions; mediolateral portions without such dark brown stripes; forewing without such marks basally on corium....................................................... 14 ( Figs 23 , 29, 30 , 57 ) 11. Frons with mosaic of brown areas on yellow background, without dark brown longitudinal stripes ( Fig. 16 ); male pygofer with inner process on dorsoapical portion ( Young 1977, fig. 750p ); paraphyses lacking rami ( Young 1977, fig. 750h ); aedeagal shaft with long ventroapical process ( Young 1977, fig. 750f ); female sternite VII narrowly convex posteriorly with slight median emargination; sternite VIII with large, anteriorly curved sclerite and small posterior sclerite ( Fig. 17 )....................................................................................... A. dampfi ( Costa Rica , Guatemala , Mexico ) - Frons without mosaic but with variable dark brown longitudinal stripes ( Fig. 7 ); male pygofer without inner process on dorsoapical portion ( Young 1977 , figs 744c, 753c, 756c); paraphyses with pair of elongate rami ( Young 1977 , figs 744h, 753h, 756h); aedeagal shaft without long ventroapical process ( Young 1977 , figs 744f, 753f, 756f); female sternite VII generally broadly convex posteriorly ( Fig. 20 ), if it is narrowly convex, then median emargination is deeply concave ( Fig. 8 ); sternite VIII with single large sclerite ( Figs 9 , 21 , 91 )............................................................... 12 12. Pronotum with yellow or orange anteromedian macula not enclosing brown marks ( Fig. 89 ); male pygofer with minute, inconspicuous spine on inner ventroapical portion; aedeagal shaft with very short, median ventroapical lobe and without ventral paired processes ( Young 1977, fig. 744f ); female pygofer with small dorsoapical convex lobe............................................................ A. stali ( Belize , Costa Rica , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Mexico , Nicaragua ) - Pronotum without such anteromedian macula, if present, it has brown marks ( Fig. 6 ); male pygofer with short and tapered spine on inner ventroapical portion ( Young 1977 , figs 753c, p, 756c, p); aedeagal shaft without median ventroapical lobe and with ventral paired processes ( Young 1977 , figs 753f, 756f); female pygofer narrowed apically, subtriangular ( Fig. 10 )..... 1 3 13. Crown with pair of diagonal dark brown arches on anteromedian portion ( Young 1977, fig. 751a ); frons without pair of elongate V- or Y-shaped mediolateral dark brown marks; mesosternum with lateral dark brown maculae; female sternite VII with posterior margin broadly convex ( Fig. 20 ).................................................................................................... A. fractinota ( Belize , Costa Rica , Guatemala , Honduras , Mexico , Nicaragua , Panama ) - Crown without pair of such arches on anteromedian portion; frons with pair of such mediolateral dark brown marks ( Fig. 7 ); mesosternum without lateral dark brown maculae; female sternite VII with posterior margin narrowly convex ( Fig. 8 )...................................................................... A. blanchardi ( Guatemala , Mexico , Nicaragua ) 14. Crown, pronotum and mesonotum entirely black or with few small white maculae ( Fig. 75 ); forewing uniformly red with apical portion blackened ( Fig. 75 )......................................................... A. pennata ( Costa Rica ) - Crown, pronotum and mesonotum with numerous yellow and dark brown maculae and stripes, generally in mosaic color pattern ( Figs 23 , 29, 30 , 57 ); forewing not uniformly red, with variable maculae and stripes ( Figs 24 , 29, 30 , 57 , 62 )........ 15 15. Pronotum with pair of yellow or fulvous maculae on mediolateral portions (Fig. 69); forewing short and broad (Figs 69, 70); median portion of corium with irregular whitish maculae, bordered by brown or black (Figs 69, 70); female pygofer with posterior margin broadly convex (Fig. 72).................................................................... 16 - Pronotum generally without pair of such maculae on mediolateral portions; forewing generally long and narrow ( Figs 23, 24 , 29, 30 ); median portion of corium without such maculae; female pygofer with posterior margin generally triangular ( Figs 36 , 65 ) or narrowly convex................................................................................ 17 16. Male pygofer with inner spiniform process on dorsoapical margin and inner long and broad process on ventromedian portion ( Young 1977, fig. 757p ), without ventroapical process; paraphyses symmetrical, with V-shaped basal sclerite and pair of minute (vestigial) rami ( Young 1977, fig. 757h ); aedeagal shaft approximately rectilinear with pair of robust ventromedian hookshaped processes ( Young 1977, fig. 757f ); female pygofer with ventral margin extensively rectilinear ( Fig. 72 ); valvula II of ovipositor with apex convex ( Fig. 74 ).......................................................... A. omani ( USA ) - Male pygofer without dorsoapical and ventromedian processes, with inner short spiniform process on ventroapical portion; paraphyses asymmetrical, with Y-shaped basal sclerite and at least one long and moderately broad ramus ( Young 1977, fig. 760h ); aedeagal shaft with apex curved dorsally and with pair of long ventromedian spiniform processes ( Young 1977, fig. 760f ); female pygofer with ventral margin broadly convex ( Figs 36, 37 , 65 ); valvula II of ovipositor with apex subacute ( Fig. 28 )............................................................................ A. monticola ( Mexico , USA ) 17. Pronotum with lateral margins approximately parallel ( Figs 23 , 57 , 62 ); forewing with broad and conspicuous dark brown stripe on claval sulcus, bordered internally and externally by continuous white stripes ( Figs 23, 24 , 57 , 62 ); costal area with two longitudinal adjacent stripes, an white one (innermost) and a black one (outermost) ( Fig. 24 )...................... 18 - Pronotum with lateral margins anteriorly convergent ( Figs 29, 30 , 92 ); forewing without such stripe on claval sulcus or, if present, not bordered by continuous white stripes ( Figs 92, 93 ); costal area without adjacent white and black stripes.......... 20 18. Pronotum entirely black with mosaic of small yellow areas ( Young 1977, fig. 749a ); male pygofer with posterior margin truncate ( Young 1977, fig. 749c ) and long paired process on inner ventroapical portion ( Young 1977, fig. 749p ); paraphyses with basal sclerite symmetrical and rami minute (vestigial) ( Young 1977, fig. 749q ); female sternite VIII with large, dorsal elliptical sclerite superposed to a ventral one, strongly constricted medially ( Fig. 58 )..... A. krameri ( El Salvador , Honduras , Mexico ) - Pronotum with continuous median stripe and pair of lateral arches, yellow or fulvous ( Figs 23 , 62 ); male pygofer with posterior margin concave ( Young 1977 , figs 751c, 752c) and long unpaired process on inner ventroapical portion ( Young 1977 , figs 751p, 752p); paraphyses with basal sclerite asymmetrical and rami long (conspicuous) ( Young 1977 , figs 751h, 752h); female sternite VIII only with a broad sclerite ( Figs 26 , 64 ).......................................................... 19 19. Frons with mosaic of rounded yellow maculae and dorsal, narrow transverse yellow stripe ( Fig. 63 ); mediolateral portions without pair of elongate Y-shaped dark brown marks; forewing short and broad ( Fig. 62 ); male pygofer with long and broad process on posterodorsal margin ( Young 1977 , figs 751c, p); aedeagal shaft curved ventrally on apical half, with pair of hookshaped ventral processes ( Young 1977, fig. 751f ); female sternite VIII with broad, bilobate sclerite, deeply notched anteromedially ( Fig. 64 )............................................................... A. mediolineata ( Mexico , USA ) - Frons without such mosaic and such stripe; mediolateral portions with pair of elongate Y-shaped dark brown marks; forewing long and narrow ( Figs 23, 24 ); male pygofer without process on posterodorsal margin ( Young 1977 , figs 752c, p); aedeagal shaft approximately rectilinear, with long unpaired ventral process ( Young 1977, fig. 752f ); female sternite VIII with broad, anteriorly concave sclerite, depressed on median line ( Fig. 26 ).................................. A. fraterna (Mexico) 20. Mesoscutum with pair of broad, mediolateral dark brown stripes ( Fig. 92 ); male pygofer with long inner ventroapical process, extending medially and crossing median line ( Young 1977, fig. 761p ); subgenital plates extending posteriorly to pygofer apex ( Young 1977, fig. 761c ); aedeagal shaft with ventral process unpaired and with apical third bifurcated ( Young 1977, fig. 761f ); female sternite VIII with pair of broad produced lateral lobes ( Fig. 96 )................. A. woodruffi ( Guatemala , Mexico ) - Mesoscutum without pair of such stripes ( Figs 29, 30 ; Felix & Mejdalani 2006 , fig. 1); male pygofer without processes or only with spiniform ventroapical process dorsomedially curved, not attaining median line ( Felix & Mejdalani 2006, fig. 5 ); subgenital plate not attaining pygofer apex ( Young 1977 , fig. 754c; Felix & Mejdalani 2006 , fig. 4); aedeagal shaft with variable paired ventral processes ( Young 1977 , figs 754f, s–u; Felix & Mejdalani 2006 , fig. 8); female sternite VIII without produced lateral lobes ( Figs 34, 35 )............................................................................... 21 21. Clypeus with median, broad brown stripe ( Felix & Mejdalani 2006, fig. 2 ); male pygofer with spiniform ventroapical process dorsomedially curved, not attaining median line ( Felix & Mejdalani 2006, fig. 5 ); aedeagal shaft with pair of short, triangular lateral processes and pair of long, approximately symmetrical ventral processes ( Felix & Mejdalani 2006, fig. 8 )............................................................................................... A. nielsoni (Mexico) - Clypeus with irregular brown marks ( Fig. 31 ); male pygofer without processes; aedeagal shaft without lateral processes and with pair of hook-shaped to falciform, strongly asymmetrical ventral processes ( Young 1977 , figs 754f, s–u)................................................................................................... A. germana (Mexico)