Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America Author Gomes, Lucas Roberto Pereira lucaspergos@gmail.com Author Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de text Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 2022 e 20210102 2022-03-23 66 1 1 11 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0102 journal article 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0102 1806-9665 8111413 Calythea Schnabl & Dziedzicki Calythea micropteryx species group Diagnosis. Male holoptic. Body black in general color, bright silvery grey-dusting pruinosity on thorax and abdomen ( Figs. 1-3 ). Frontal vitta, antenna and palp black. Gena and parafacialia black with silvery pruinosity ( Figs. 1a , 2a, d , 3a, d, g ). Anepimeron, anepisternum, and meron black, silvery pruinose ( Figs. 2c, f ). Prescutellar region, and postalar callus pruinose. Scutellum apically pruinose. Apical scutellar setae longer than basal and discal scutellar setae. Abdomen with 3 subtriangular dark spots basally connected on each abdominal tergite ( Fig. 3c ). Arista short pubescent. Presence of a keel on face, between antennae. Prosternum and katepimeron setulose. Meron bare or posteriorly setulose below spiracle. Katepisternum 1+2, covered by many long setae, including a differentiated seta discernible below the two posteriors one. Apex of scutellum ventrally setulose. Prealar short or absent. 1 supra-alars. 2 intra-alars. 2 postalars. Wing hyaline. Lower calypter 1.5 times larger than upper one. Fore tibia with one a seta. Hind tibia with 1 av (submedian), 2 ad (supramedian and submedian), 1 d (preapical), and a long pd (submedian) seta. Pulville small, similar to tarsomere width. Subcostal vein evenly bowed towards the Costal vein, without any sinuosity. Vein dm-m straight. Palpi claviform. Sternite 1 setulose. Sternite 5 with a serrated edge on its posterior incision ( Figs.4a, e, i, m, q ). Cerci triangular on posterior view ( Figs. 4b, f, j, n, r ). Pregonite with two long setae, postgonite with a median long seta and distiphallus very large and rounded ( Figs. 4d, h, l, p, t ). Female: Dichoptic; body dark brown, palpi claviform, twice enlarged than male; interfrontal setae present. Thorax with 3-5 longitudinal stripes. Katepisternum 1+2, without several long covered setae. Pulville smaller, about half of tarsomere width. Epiproct as long as its wide, tergite 6 and 7 T-shaped dorsally ( Figs. 5b, e, h, k ). Hypoproct longer than wide, sternite 6 and 7 trapezoid ( Figs. 5c, f, i, l ). Three spermathecae, one smaller with about half diameter of the others. Identification key to the males of Calythea Schnabl & Dziedzicki species from Neotropical Region The Palaearctic species C. nigricans Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 was erroneously recorded from Neotropical Region ( Pont, 1974 ), and C. monticola Bigot, 1885 occurs in the Nearctic Region of Mexico and United States ( Griffiths, 1987 ). Both species were not included in the key. The species C. costana Séguy, 1934 is only known from its type-locality in Uruguay , this species probably is not an Anthomyiidae , Figure 1 Calythea andina new species Male: head, frontal view (A); habitus, dorsal view (B); habitus, lateral view (C). Bar= 0.5 mm. Figure 2 Calythea cochlearis new species Male: head, frontal view (A); habitus, dorsal view (B); habitus, lateral view (C); Female: head, frontal view (D); habitus, dorsal view (E); habitus, lateral view (F). Bar= 0.5 mm. due to male terminalia and dorsocentrals setae 2+4, and also was not included in the key. 1. Eyes setulose; thorax without pruinose near transversal suture ( Fig. 3e ); hind tibia with a pd seta 4 times longer than tibia width ...................................................................... C. crenata Bigot, 1885 - Eyes bare; thorax with pruinose near transversal suture ( Fig. 1b , 2b , 3b, 3h ); hind tibia with a pd seta 2-3 times longer than tibia width ….................................................................. 2 2 (1). Face not projecting beyond frontal angle …......................... 3 - Face projecting beyond frontal angle…..................................4 3 (2). Palpi enlarged; frons with fronto-orbital plates separated by frontal vitta ( Fig. 3a ); anterior anepisternal seta twice longer than covered cilia; thorax pruinose from transversal suture, with a forward projection, reaching the anterior dorsocentral presutural seta ( Fig. 3b ) …........................................ C. comis Stein, 1911 - Palpi slightly enlarged; frons at narrowest point with contiguous fronto-orbital plates ( Fig. 3g ); anterior anepisternal seta slightly longer than covered cilia; thorax pruinose from transversal suture, without forward projection, reaching anterior dorsocentral presutural seta ( Fig. 3h ) …...................... .............................................. C. micropteryx (Thomson, 1869) 4 (2). Margin of calypters brownish; setulae on sternite 1 twice longer than length of sternite; postgonite distally not bilobate ( Fig. 4d ) …............................................... C. andina new species - Margin of calypters whitish; setulae on sternite 1 slightly longer than length of sternite; postgonite distally bilobate ( Fig. 4h ) …................................... C. cochlearis new species