Taxonomy and nomenclature of some Fennoscandian Sawflies, with descriptions of two new species (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) Author Liston, Andrew https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1278-424X Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany andrew.liston@senckenberg.de Author Mutanen, Marko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4464-6308 Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, PO Box 3000, 90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Author Heidemaa, Mikk Estonian Naturalists' Society, Struve 2, Tartu 51003, Estonia Author Blank, Stephan M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-9267 Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany Author Kiljunen, Niina Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, PO Box 3000, 90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Author Taeger, Andreas Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany Author Viitasaari, Matti Alkutie 41 E, 00660 Helsinki, Finland Author Vikberg, Veli Liinalammintie 11 as. 6, 14200 Turenki, Finland Author Wutke, Saskia Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland Author Prous, Marko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5329-7608 Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany & Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, PO Box 3000, 90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland & Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia text Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 2022 2022-07-26 69 2 151 218 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.84080 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.84080 1860-1324-2-151 3B245B5371564A3F96672F2CD756779A B7D8CC48BD32502C819369D75ADA50C8 Pristiphora coactula (Ruthe, 1859) Nematus coactulus Ruthe, 1859: 307-308. ♀. Holotype. Type locality: Iceland. Lygaeonematus (Lygaeotus) trochantericus Lindqvist, 1952: 101-102. ♀. Holotype (http://id.luomus.fi/GL.7708) and paratypes (♀, ♂). Type locality: Finland, Utsjoki, Outakoski. syn. nov. Notes. The nuclear sequence data obtained for this study revealed three main clusters within the Pristiphora carinata group: P. carinata , P. coactula , and P. borea + P. groenblomi + P. albilabris (Fig. 30 ). No nuclear sequence data are yet available for P. breadalbanensis (Cameron, 1882b) and P. lativentris (Thomson, 1871). A nearly perfect match morphologically to the L. trochantericus holotype is ZMUO.035514, which falls within the P. coactula cluster based on nuclear DNA (Fig. 30 ). There are two main clusters based on COI sequences, one of which contains only P. borea (Konow, 1904) and P. groenblomi (Lindqvist, 1952) and the other one all species (Fig. 31 ). Within the COI cluster containing all species (Fig. 31 ), P. borea , P. groenblomi , and P. albilabris (Boheman, 1852) ( Betula feeders) tend to separate from P. coactula ( Salix ) and P. carinata (Hartig, 1837) ( Vaccinium ). Based on the specimens having nuclear data, the species (mainly females) of the Pristiphora carinata group may be separated by the following key, although it might not always work for all specimens, particularly P. coactula and P. borea . Excluded from the key are the (sub)arctic species P. breadalbanensis and P. lativentris . Pristiphora Pristiphora lativentris may have somewhat different serrulae from the other species (almost papilliform, see fig. 215 in Prous et al. 2017 ). The identity of Pristiphora breadalbanensis (most similar to P. borea and P. coactula ) needs further research to confirm if characters (e.g. structure of median mesoscutal lobes) mentioned by Benson (1958) to separate this species are reliable. Figure 30. Maximum likelihood tree of Pristiphora carinata group based on nuclear genes (NaK and POL2). Numbers at branches show SH-aLRT support (%) / ultrafast bootstrap support (%) values. Values of only well supported branches (>90 for both) and of P. coactula clade with moderate support are shown. Letters "f " stand for "female" , "m" for "male" , and "l" for larva. Numbers at the end of the tip labels refer to sequence length and the number of heterozygous positions. Figure 31. Maximum likelihood tree of Pristiphora carinata group based on mitochondrial COI gene. Numbers at branches show SH-aLRT support (%) / ultrafast bootstrap support (%) values. Values of only well supported branches (>90 for both) are shown. Letters "f " stand for "female" , "m" for "male" , and "l" for larva. Numbers at the end of the tip labels refer to sequence length and the number of ambiguous positions.

1	a Pterostigma distinctly darker than costa b Legs largely orange or reddish c In female, valvifer 2 and terga 9-10 black or slightly pale d In male, sternum 9 blac	P. albilabris (Boheman, 1852) ♂♀ and P. groenblomi (Lindqvist, 1952) ♂♀ in part
-	aa Pterostigma similarly pale as costa or somewhat darker than costa bb Legs largely black to pale cc In female, valvifer 2 and terga 9-10 extensively pale dd In male, sternum 9 black to pale	2
2(1)	a Pterostigma somewhat darker than costa b Legs largely orange or reddish c Metafemur completely pale d In female, terga 2-8 and sterna black e In male, sternum 9 (always?) black	P. groenblomi ♂♀ in part
-	aa Pterostigma similarly pale as costa bb Legs largely black to yellowish cc Metafemur black to pale dd In female, terga 2-8 and sterna black or partly pale (starting from tergum 2 and sternum 2) ee In male, sternum 9 black to pale ... ♀ (males of the following species not separated)	3
3(2)	a Valvula 3 in dorsal view gradually narrowing, without invagination and with sharp tip (see figs 98-99 in Prous et al. 2017 ) b Usually only terga 8-10 or 9-10 extensively pale, but sometimes more (starting from tergum 5)	P. carinata (Hartig, 1837)
-	aa Valvula 3 in dorsal view more or less truncate, with or without indistinct invagination and with broader tip bb Usually terga 8-10 or more (starting from tergum 2) at least partly pale	4
4(3)	a Valvula 3 short, truncate and usually with indistinct invagination (Fig. 33C, D ) b Abdomen usually becoming gradually paler from base to apex, dorsally usually starting from tergum 7, laterally and ventrally from tergum 2 and sternum 2 c Metafemur usually completely pale d Clypeus usually mostly pale	P. coactula (Ruthe, 1859)
-	aa Valvula 3 usually longer, slightly narrowed at apex and without invagination (Fig. 33A ), but sometimes not distinguishable from P. coactula (Fig. 33B ) bb Abdomen usually slightly or extensively pale only at apex, dorsally usually terga 8-10, laterally usually terga 7-10, ventrally usually sternum 7 cc Metafemur black to completely pale dd Clypeus mostly black to mostly pale	P. borea (Konow, 1904)

Examples of lancets of P. borea , P. carinata , and P. coactula are shown in Fig. 32A-C , but more specimens need to be examined to check if there are any consistent differences between the species. Morphological differences between the males of P. borea , P. carinata , and P. coactula are not clear. Externally, it seems that P. coactula tends to be paler (clypeus, pronotal angles, tegula, metafemur, and sternum 9 completely or mostly pale) than P. borea and P. carinata . The dorso-apical margin of the paravalva of P. borea (Fig. 34B ) may be more strongly inclined basally compared to P. carinata and P. coactula , but differences between the penis valves of the latter two species are not clear (Fig. 34A, D, E ). The most distinctive penis valve in the P. carinata group seems to belong to P. albilabris (Fig. 34F ), which has the most distinctly inclined dorso-apical margin of paravalva. Overall shape of penis valve of P. groenblomi (Fig. 34C ) is most similar to P. borea , but it may be larger. Figure 32. Lancets of Pristiphora carinata group. A. P. coactula (ZMUO.031490); B. P. borea (ZMUO.033284); C. P. carinata (ZMUO.031554). Figure 33. Tip of abdomen of Pristiphora carinata group females in dorsal view. A. P. borea (ZMUO.035517); B. P. borea (ZMUO.033457); C. P. coactula (ZMUO.046522); D. P. coactula (ZMUO.035246). Figure 34. Penis valves of Pristiphora carinata group. A. P. carinata (ZMUO.031419); B. P. borea (DEI-GISHym80148); C. P. groenblomi (DEI-GISHym80210); D. P. coactula (ZMUO.039225); E. P. coactula (DEI-GISHym84186); F. P. albilabris (ZMUO.032465).