New taxa, new synonymies and new host records in the louse genus Halipeurus (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) parasitic on petrels (Aves: Procellariiformes) Author Palma, Ricardo L. text Zootaxa 2011 3017 1 45 journal article 46391 10.5281/zenodo.278615 f7eca13b-06ff-4573-960b-0a8a51de239d 1175-5326 278615 Halipeurus kermadecensis ( Johnston & Harrison, 1912 ) Lipeurus kermadecensis Johnston & Harrison, 1912 : 365 , fig. 1. Type host: Pterodroma neglecta neglecta (Schlegel, 1863) . Holotype nymph in MONZ. Lipeurus diversus var. excavatus Johnston & Harrison, 1912 : 366 , fig. 2. Type host: Pterodroma neglecta (Schlegel, 1863) . Two syntypes Ƥ in MONZ. Halipeurus kermadecensis ; Hopkins & Clay, 1952 : 164 . Halipeurus kermadecensis ; Timmermann, 1960 : 327 , fig. 8. Halipeurus ( Halipeurus ) kermadecense (sic); Edwards, 1961 : 150 , figs 3Q– 7Q. Halipeurus ( Halipeurus ) kermadecensis ; Timmermann, 1965 : 137 , fig. 87. Halipeurus kermadecensis ; Watt, 1971 : 236 , fig. 5. Halipeurus kermadecensis ; Emerson, 1972 : 80 . Halipeurus ( Halipeurus ) kermadecensis ; Price et al ., 2003 : 187 . MATERIAL EXAMINED Types Ex Pterodroma neglecta neglecta : Holotype nymph of Lipeurus kermadecensis , Kermadec Is , New Zealand , 1907–1908 , W.R.B. Oliver ( MONZ ); 13, 1Ƥ, syntypes of Lipeurus diversus excavatus , Kermadec Is , New Zealand , 1907–1908 , W.R.B. Oliver ( MONZ ). Non-types Ex Pterodroma neglecta neglecta : 43, 1Ƥ, Rapa I., Austral Group (Tubuai Is) French Polynesia , Feb. 1922 , R.H. Beck ( MONZ ); 1Ƥ, Ducie I., Pitcairn Group, South Pacific Ocean, 3 Jan. 1935 , E.J. Gerberg, “Crocker Expedition” ( KCEM ); 43, 4Ƥ, Kermadec Is, N.Z., 6 Aug. 1944 , N o 52 ( CMNZ ; NHML ); 23, 4Ƥ, Raoul I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., 20 Aug. 1944 , J.H. Sorensen, DM 11376 ( MONZ ); 13, 2Ƥ, Meyer I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., 30 Oct. 1962 , G.A. Samuelson, 210 ( NHML ); 13, 3Ƥ, Meyer I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., 17 Mar. 1963 , C.M. Clark ( BPBM ; NHML ); 243, 20Ƥ, Meyer I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., 29–31 Dec. 1966 , D.E. Crockett & J.C. Watt ( NZAC ; MONZ ; RLCP ; NHML ); 13, 1Ƥ, Meyer I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., 20 Jan. 1967 , D. Merton ( MONZ ); 83, 8Ƥ, North Meyer I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., 23 Mar. 1973 , J. Ireland ( NZAC ; MONZ ; RLCP ); 93, 10Ƥ, Baixo do Sueste, Trindade I., Brazil , South Atlantic Ocean, 28 Dec. 1975 , S.L. Olson, USNM 503731 ( MONZ ); 13, 3Ƥ, Cuvier I., N.Z., 27 Jan. 1976 , S.M. Reed ( MONZ ); 113, 11Ƥ, Chanter I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., 13 Oct. 1976 , A.N. Baker ( MONZ ); 63, 6Ƥ, Raoul I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., 1983, A.W. Blundell ( MONZ ); 43, 3Ƥ, Omamari ( 35o52’S- 173o40’E ), Northland, N.Z., 22 Mar. 1986 , G. Carlin ( MONZ ); 83, 8Ƥ, Henderson I., Pitcairn Group, South Pacific Ocean, 20 Jul. 1991 , J.N. Jolly, E176251 ( MONZ ); 13, 3Ƥ, Raivavae I., Austral Group (Tubuai Is) French Polynesia , Jul. 1992 , G. McCormack ( MONZ ); 13, New Zealand , no date ( MONZ ); 13, Bass Rocks, Tubuai Is, French Polynesia , no date ( AMNH ). Ex Pterodroma neglecta juana Mathews, 1935: 13 , 3Ƥ, Santa Clara I., Juan Fernández Is, Chile , 27 Feb. 2004 , P. Scofield ( MONZ ); 13, 1Ƥ, Masatierra I., Juan Fernández Is, Chile , no date, RLE 28 ( NHML , 1954-251); 53, 4Ƥ, Masatierra I., Juan Fernández Is, Chile , no date ( AMNH ). Ex Pterodroma neglecta ( not identified to subspecies): 2Ƥ, Pacific Ocean, 24 Nov. 1964 , POBSP 2044 ( USNM ); 23, 3Ƥ, Arno Atoll, Marshall Islands , Pacific Ocean, no date ( AMNH ). Ex Pterodroma externa (Salvin, 1875 ): 63, 15Ƥ, Pacific Ocean, 21–22 Jul. 1964 , POBSP 1762-1767 ( KCEM ; USNM ); 13, 1Ƥ, Pacific Ocean, 8 Aug. 1964 , POBSP 1907 ( USNM ); 13, 2Ƥ, Pacific Ocean, 23–24 Nov. 1964 , POBSP 2043, 2045 ( USNM ); 13, Pacific Ocean, 13o07’N- 170o20’W , 11 Dec. 1964 , POBSP 3989 ( USNM ); 43, 4Ƥ, Pacific Ocean, off Chile , 5 Apr. 1965 , Watson & Angle POBSP 3802 ( KCEM ; USNM ); 13, 2Ƥ, at sea, Pacific Ocean, 9o07’N- 150o34’W , 9 Jun. 1965 , POBSP 3822 ( USNM ); 43, 4Ƥ, at sea, Pacific Ocean, 8o12’N- 162o12’W , 13 Jun. 1965 , POBSP 4030 ( USNM ); 23, 2Ƥ, at sea, Pacific Ocean, 8o54’N- 162o58’W , 13 Jun. 1965 , POBSP 4033 ( USNM ); 13, 9o N-155o W, 5 Jul. 1965 , POBSP 4212 ( USNM ); 73, 5Ƥ, North Pacific Ocean, 8o02’N- 174o00’W , 21 Nov. 1965 , POBSP 503358 ( MONZ ); 3Ƥ, off Masafuera I., Juan Fernández Is, Chile , 25 Nov. 1965 , P.C. Harper, DM 12608 ( MONZ ); 13, Central Pacific Ocean, 26 Nov. 1965 , P.C. Harper ( MONZ ); 2Ƥ, Juan Fernández Is, Chile , Mar. 1966 , R.F. Cressey ( USNM ); 33, 2Ƥ, Ngahinapouri, South Auckland, N.Z., 22 Oct. 1971 , D.G. Berrett, A.M. Av.1072.1 ( MONZ ); 43, 4Ƥ, Waimanalo, Oahu I., Hawaiian Is, U.S.A. , 27 Jul. 1991 ( MONZ ; BPBM , 178481); 23, 3Ƥ, Daimon-cho, Moriyama-shi, Siga Prefecture, Japan , 5 Aug. 2004 , S. Kobayashi ( MONZ ; YIOJ ). Ex Pterodroma arminjoniana arminjoniana (Giglioli & Salvadori , 1869) : 23, 6Ƥ, Trindade I., Brazil , South Atlantic Ocean, 3 Jan. 1906 ( MONZ ); 13, Trindade I., Brazil , South Atlantic Ocean, 28 Jul. 1910 , E.A. Wilson, “British Antarctic Expedition”, NMNZ 18657 ( MONZ ); 793, 86Ƥ, (ex 64 birds) Trindade I. (several locations), Brazil , South Atlantic Ocean, Jun. 2006 – Apr. 2007 , L. Bugoni ( MONZ ; MZSB ); 73, 13Ƥ, Trindade I., Brazil , South Atlantic Ocean, no date ( NHML , Thompson Collection 1980-40; Meinertzhagen Collection 12590 & 12598). Ex Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis (Ridgway, 1884) : 73, 7Ƥ, on board ship “ Townsend Cromwell ”, 22o20’N- 151o W, 21 Jul. 1964 , D. Au ( BPBM ; MONZ ); 103, 5Ƥ, Haleakala Crater, Maui I., Hawaiian Is, U.S.A. , May 1973 , USNM 512636 ( MONZ ); 33, 5Ƥ, Haleakala Crater, Maui I., Hawaiian Is, U.S.A. , 20 May 1976 , BBM- X 148358 ( BPBM ; MONZ ). New host record . DISCUSSION: The new host-louse record of Halipeurus kermadecensis from Hawaiian petrels –referred to as Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis by Dickinson (2003: 74) —is further evidence that the Galápagos and the Hawaiian petrels are different species and not subspecies, as shown by Browne et al. (1997) with a study of the genetic diversity and divergence of those petrels based on allozyme electrophoresis. The Galápagos petrel, Pterodroma phaeopygia phaeopygia , is host to Halipeurus noctivagus (see below), a louse species extremely different from H. kermadecensis . Halipeurus kermadecensis has been found parasitising two species of Pterodroma petrels on Trindade Island , situated off the coast of Brazil in the South Atlantic Ocean: Pt. neglecta and Pt. arminjoniana arminjoniana . That is, if the identification by Imber (2004: 36) of a specimen kept in the USNM collection (Reg. 503731) as Pt. neglecta is accepted as valid; see Hammer et al . (2010) and discussion under H. heraldicus below.