Phylogenomic inference of the African tribe Monodoreae (Annonaceae) and taxonomic revision of Dennettia, Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis Author Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-1544 DIADE, Universite de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France & Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458, USA leopauldagallier@gmail.com Author Mbago, Frank M. The Herbarium, Botany Department, Box 35060, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Author Couderc, Marie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7297-155X DIADE, Universite de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France Author Gaudeul, Myriam Institut de Systematique, Evolution, Biodiversite (ISYEB), Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle-CNRS-SU-EPHE-UA, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France Author Grall, Aurelie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1613-4703 Herbaria Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland & Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 AE, UK Author Loup, Caroline DIADE, Universite de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France Author Wieringa, Jan J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0566-372X Herbier MPU, DCSPH - CC 99010, Universite de Montpellier, 163 rue A. Broussonnet, F- 34090 Montpellier, France Author Sonke, Bonaventure https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4310-3603 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, Netherlands Author Couvreur, Thomas L. P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8509-6587 DIADE, Universite de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France text PhytoKeys 2023 2023-09-22 233 1 200 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.233.103096 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.233.103096 1314-2003-233-1 EB874C2B403C5C42ACE3846B51EE6F22 Uvariopsis submontana Kenfack, Gosline & Gereau, Novon 13(4): 444 (2003) Figs 82 , 83 , 84 Type . Cameroon - South-West Region • D. Kenfack 1334 ( holotype : YA; isotypes: K! (K000683145), MO, SCA), Rumpi Hills; 4°57'N , 9°02'E ; alt. 800 m ; 06 Feb. 2000 . Description. Tree 4.5-25 m tall, D.B.H 5-30 cm; young branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous, old branches glabrous. Petiole 3-8 mm long, 2.5-4 mm wide, sparsely pubescent to glabrous. Leaf lamina 160-380 mm long, 50-110 mm wide, length:width ratio 2.7-4.3, obovate, coriaceous, base rounded to subcordate, apex attenuate to acuminate, acumen 8-30 mm long, surface above glabrous, surface below glabrous; midrib impressed above, raised below, glabrous above, glabrous below; secondary veins 9-25 pairs, brochidodromous to weakly brochidodromous, impressed above, raised below; tertiary veins reticulate. Flowers unisexual, male and female flowers slightly dimorphic, on same individuals (plant monoecious). Flower buds ovoid to conical. Male inflorescences borne in dense clumps on thickenings at base of the trunk, sparser above 2 m., above the clumps of female inflorescences, mainly between the base and the lower 5 m of the trunk, composed of 6 to 50 flowers. Peduncle inconspicuous. Flower pedicel 25-50 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent to sparsely pubescent. Bracts 2 to 4 at base, upper bract 1-1.6 mm long, 1-1.6 mm wide, broadly ovate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside. Sepals 2, 5-11 mm long, 6-12 mm wide, broadly ovate, pubescent to sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, dark red. Petals 4, 8-19 mm long, 4-8 mm wide, length:width ratio 1.8-4.7, ovate to narrowly ovate, free to fused at base over 30% of their length, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, pinkish to dark red outside. Stamens 100 to 200, 0.4-0.7 mm long, 0.3-0.4 mm wide, anthers linear, connective prolongation truncate. Female inflorescences borne in dense clumps on thickenings at base of the trunk, below the clumps of male inflorescences, composed of 6 to 50 flowers. Flower pedicel 24-60 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent to sparsely pubescent. Bracts 2 to 4 at base, upper bract 1-1.6 mm long, 1-1.6 mm wide, broadly ovate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside. Sepals 2, 6-8 mm long, 6-9 mm wide, broadly ovate, pubescent to sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, dark red. Petals 4, 15-17 mm long, 5-9 mm wide, length:width ratio 1.8-4.7, ovate to narrowly ovate, free to fused over 30% of their length, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, pinkish to dark red outside. Carpels 50 to 100, 1.5-3.5 mm long, 0.8-1.5 mm wide, pubescent, free; stigma ca. 0.5 mm long, ca. 0.2 mm wide, globular, glabrous. Fruiting pedicel 25-90 mm long, 3-7 mm in diameter, glabrous. Monocarps, 3-25, 17-80 mm long, 13-55 mm wide, length:width ratio, ovoid to cylindrical, constricted between seeds in dried specimens, sparsely pubescent to glabrous, pale green ripening dark yellow, sessile. Seeds 6-12 per monocarp, biseriate, 18-25 mm long, 8-13 mm wide, ellipsoid. Figure 82. Uvariopsis submontana Kenfack, Gosline & Gereau A trunk with clumps of inflorescences B leaf, upper side C leaf base lower side D leaf base, upper side E female flower, two petals removed, side view F flower, top view G clumps of inflorescences on the trunk H male flower, two petals removed, side view I male flower, top view. A-I Couvreur 627. Photos Thomas Couvreur. Distribution. Endemic to Lower Guinean Domain of the Guineo-Congolian Region. Only known from the South-West and Littoral Regions in Cameroon, mainly in Mont Koupe and Ebo National Park. Figure 83. Uvariopsis submontana Kenfack, Gosline & Gereau A leaves B female flower bud, side view C male flower, side view D male flower, one petal removed, side view E inner surface of sepal F outer surface of sepal G female flower, all four petals removed, side view H carpel, lateral view I infructescence J longitudinal section of monocarp K transversal section of monocarp. A-H from Kenfack 1334 (type) I-K from Kenfack 1373. Drawings by David Kenfack, from "The Genus Uvariopsis ( Annonaceae ) in Tropical Africa, with a Recombination and One New Species from Cameroon", Novon 13:4, Figure 1 , p. 445 ( Kenfack et al. 2003 ), with permission from the Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. Habitat and ecology. Submontane mature or old secondary rain forests. Soil: rocky, humic combisol. Altitude: 900-1300 m asl. Phenology. Flowers collected from January to May and in December. Vernacular names. Cameroon: 'Michile' in Bakossi (Cheek 7131). Notes. This species resembles Up. bakeriana , Up. citrata and Up. korupensis in having large obovate leaves (up to 38 cm long), with rounded to cordate bases. It differs from Up. bakeriana and Up. citrata in having longer flower pedicel (24-60 mm vs. 0-8 mm). It is very similar to Up. korupensis , but has generally smaller leaves (16-38 cm vs. 28-62 cm in Up. korupensis ). The female flowers of Up. submontana have longer sepals (6-8 mm long vs. 3-5 mm long) and smaller petals (15-17 mm long vs. 15-35 mm long) than Up. korupensis , which results in petals less than 3 times longer than the sepals (vs. petals more than 3 times longer than the sepals). Petals of Up. submontana are pinkish to dark red inside and outside whereas petals of Up. korupensis are cream to brownish outside and cream to pinkish inside (Table 5 ). Figure 84. Distribution map of Uvariopsis submontana . Shades of grey represent elevation, from white (sea level) to darker grey (higher elevation). The inset shows the extent of the map over Africa. Conservation status. This species is endemic to Cameroon and has been evaluated as Endangered EN B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) and mainly threatened by the expansion of agriculture ( Cheek 2014b ). Additional specimens examined. Cameroon - Littoral • D. Kenfack 1602 (MO), Nkam , Yingui , Bataba. PE 80; 4°32'N , 10°18'E ; alt. 780 m ; 20 Feb. 2002 • T.L.P. Couvreur 627 (MPU, YA), Ebo Wildlife Reserve , Djuma permanent camp. On east trail; 4°21'39.35'N, 10°15'07.7'E; alt. 957 m ; 15 Feb. 2013 - South-West Region • J.F. Villiers 2490 (P), 6 km WNW Bomana , 34 km NW Limbe ; 4°30'24.99'N, 9°00'50.26'E; 15 Dec. 1984 • M.R. Cheek 7034 (K, WAG, YA), Mount Kupe. Kupe village . Esense river near farm of Philip Taza ; 4°46'N , 9°41'E ; alt. 1000 m ; 19 Jan. 1995 • M.R. Cheek 7131 (K, WAG), Kupe village . Hunters path from Kupe village to the mountain top, running to S and parallel with Esense river (now dry). Towards village largely coffee farms with shade trees. Grid ref. from Magellan reading where path enters forest; 4°47'N , 9°41'E ; alt. 840 m ; 24 Jan. 1995 • P. Lane 490 (K, SCA, WAG, YA), Mount Kupe. Ndum. Forest trail 2 km S from Etube-Tape village ; 4°51'N , 9°42'E ; alt. 1100 m ; 01 Feb. 1995 • S. Cable 1221 (K, MO, SCA, WAG, YA), Mt Kupe , Nyasoso , Shrike trail; 4°49'00.12'N, 9°42'E ; alt. 1100 m ; 08 Feb. 1995 • S. Cable 2736 (K, MO, P, SCA, WAG, YA), Kupe-Muanenguba Division. Path on to ridge between Daniel's saprophyte site and Kupe rock; 4°47'N , 9°44'E ; alt. 1000 m ; 30 May. 1996 • T.L.P. Couvreur 1059 (MPU, WAG, YA), Nyasoso village , on max's trail to Mt Kupe ; 4°49'47.02'N, 9°41'34.79'E; alt. 1024 m ; 05 Apr. 2016 • T.L.P. Couvreur 965 (MPU, WAG, YA), Rumpi mountains , forest trail, ca. 5 km after Dikome Balue village , ca. 40 km north of Kumba ; 4°56'10.37'N, 9°14'30.34"E ; alt. 1418 m ; 10 Jan. 2016 .