Trogossitidae: A review of the beetle family, with a catalogue and keys Author Kolibac, Jiri Moravian Museum, Department of Entomology, Hviezdoslavova 29 a, 627 00 Brno, Czech Republic text ZooKeys 2013 2013-12-31 366 1 194 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.366.6172 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.366.6172 1313-2970-366-1 FFD8DC462108382BCB68FFC9FF97F235 577560 Genus Melambia Erichson, 1844 Fig. 7 ; Map 5 Melambia Erichson, W. F. 1844: 450. Type species. Trogossita gigas Fabricius, 1798 [designated by Kolibac 2005 ] Leveille , A. 1910: 9. Kolibac , J. 2005: 68 (redescription). Kolibac , J. 2006: 111 (phylogeny). Kolibac , J. 2007a: 364. Mamaev, B. M. 1976: 1652 (larva). Reitter, E. 1876: 24 Remarks. The placement of the genus in Trogossitini should be revised because my analysis of 2008 disclosed a possible relationship of some its species with Gymnochilini . There are distinct differences in the body shape among the numerous species of Melambia , for example between Melambia grandis (a robust species with a cordate pronotum) and Melambia orientalis (an elongate species with pronotum shaped somewhat like that of Tenebroides ). Consideration of a re-classification of Seidlitzella within Gymnochilini , similar in habitus to Melambia , needs species revision and new phylogenetic analysis with reference to Trogossitini and Gymnochilini , including special attention to the related trogossitine genus Alindria . As a preliminary opinion, I assume that both genera, Melambia and Alindria , form a basal group of Trogossitini . Description. Body size: about 20.0-30.0 mm. Body shape elongate. Gular sutures reduced. Frontoclypeal suture absent. Frons: longitudinal groove or depression absent. Cranium ventrally: tufts of long setae at sides absent. Submentum of males: ctenidium present. Antennal groove present. Eyes: size flat. Eyes number: two. Epicranial acumination moderate. Lacinial hooks absent. Galea: shape clavate. Galea: ciliate setae absent. Mediostipes-Lacinia fused together. Palpifer: outer edge denticulate. Mandibular apical teeth number: two, vertically situated. Mola absent. Penicillus (at base) present (fine, often membranous). Pubescence above mola or cutting edge absent. Ventral furrow present. Basal notch moderate. Labrum-Cranium not fused. Epipharyngial sclerite present. Lateral tormal process: projection curved downwards, processes not connected ( Airora ). Ligula: ciliate setae absent. Ligula rigid, weakly retroflexed, deeply emarginate. Hypopharyngeal sclerite absent. Antenna 11-segmented. Antennal club asymmetrical, sensorial fields present. Front coxal cavities externally closed, internally open. Pronotum transverse. Prepectus absent. Middle coxal cavities open. Elytra: long hairs absent. Epipleuron thin. Elytral interlocking mechanism present, carinae conspicuous. Elytral punctation regular, scales absent. Wing: radial cell oblong (or reduced), wedge cell present, cross vein MP3-4 present, cross vein AA1+2-3+4 absent. Front tibiae: spines along side moderate. Hooked spur present. Claws: denticle absent. Parasternites number along ventrites III-VII: two. Spiculum gastrale absent. Tegmen composed of two or three parts. Larva: Frontal arms V-shaped. Epicranial stem present. Endocarina present. Stemmata number: five. Maxillary palpi 3-segmented. Palpifer absent. Mala simple. Mala: bidentate protrusion absent. Cardo-Stipes not fused. Cardo: size much smaller than stipes. Ligula absent. Labial palpi 2-segmented. Prementum in single part, anterior margin with notch. Thoracic sclerites pattern (dorsally) 2-0-0. Abdominal segment IX not divided. Tergite IX flat. Urogomphi minute; median process absent. Biology. Predatory. According to Mamaev (1976) , Melambia tekkensis and Melambia cardoni larvae prey on larvae of jewel beetles and longhorn beetles (under the bark of, for example, apricot trees or Grewia ). Distribution. South-eastern, southern and central Asia; also several species in Africa from Egypt to South Africa. Such a disjunctive distribution is possible, but the African species need to be checked because of possible confusion with the similar genus Alindria . Species: Melambia cardoni Leveille , 1908; India: "Bengalia" (AL) Leveille , A. 1910: 9 Melambia cordicollis Reitter, 1876; Philippines (AL) Leveille , A. 1910: 9. Reitter, E. 1876: 25 Melambia crenicollis Guerin , 1846; India: "Bengalia" (AL) Leveille , A. 1910: 9 Melambia funebris Pascoe, 1862; Cambodia (AL) Leveille , A. 1910: 9. Reitter, E. 1876: 25 Melambia gautardi Tournier, 1872; Egypt (AL) Leveille , A. 1910: 9. Kolibac , J. 2007a: 364. Reitter, E. 1876: 26 Melambia gigas Fabricius, 1798; Guinea, Senegal (AL) Leveille , A. 1910: 9. Kolibac , J. 2005: 68 (redescription). Reitter, E. 1876: 25 Melambia maura Pascoe, 1862; South Africa: "N'gami" , Mauritania (varA) Leveille , A. 1910: 9. Mateu, J. 1972: 547 Melambia memnonia Pascoe, 1862; Sri Lanka (AL) Leveille , A. 1910: 9 Melambia opaca Reitter, 1876; South Africa: Cap (AL) Leveille , A. 1910: 9. Reitter, E. 1876: 25 Melambia pumila Leveille , 1885; Burma (AL) Leveille , A. 1910: 9 Melambia striata Olivier, 1790; Senegal (varA) Leveille , A. 1910: 9. Mateu, J. 1972: 547. Reitter, E. 1876: 24 Melambia subcyanea Gerstaecker, 1871; Zanzibar (AL) Leveille , A. 1910: 9. Reitter, E. 1876: 26 Leveille , A. 1910: 9 (syn. Melambia coeruleata Fairmaire, 1882) Somalia (AL) Melambia tekkensis Koenig, 1889; "Transcaspia" , Turkmenistan (varA) Leveille , A. 1910: 9. Kolibac , J. 2007a: 364. Mamaev, B. M. 1976: 1650 (larva)