Phylogeny Reconciles Classification in Antarctic Plunderfishes Author Parker, Elyse Author Near, Thomas J. text Ichthyology & Herpetology 2022 2022-11-03 110 4 662 674 http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/i2021126 journal article 10.1643/i2021126 2766-1520 7846951 Artedidraconinae A. P. Andriashev 1967: 403 Type species.— Artedidraco mirus Lönnberg (1905: 40–41) . Definition.— The least inclusive clade that includes Artedidraco mirus Lönnberg (1905: 40–41) , Neodraco skottsbergi ( Lönnberg, 1905: 48–49 ) , and Dolloidraco longedorsalis Roule (1913: 16) , but not Harpagifer bispinis (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801: 45 ). Morphological apomorphies.— (1) Presence of a mental barbel ( Eakin, 1981 ; Balushkin, 2000 ), (2) five branchiostegal rays ( Eakin, 1981 ; Balushkin, 2000 ), (3) opercle with a flattened hook ( Eakin, 1981 ), (4) floating pleural ribs starting on 5 th to 8 th vertebrae, or absent ( Eakin, 1981 ; Balushkin, 2000 ), and (5) four or five hypurals ( Eakin, 1981 ). FIG. 2. Phylogenetic relationships of Artedidraconinae based on maximum likelihood analyses of concatenated ddRAD datasets using IQ-TREE. Bootstrap support values for nodes less than 100% are shown. (A) Phylogeny resulting from analysis of the dataset that includes 64,980 ddRAD loci. The DNA sequence alignments include data for at least 84 of the 168 sampled specimens (min84). The sectors of the Southern Ocean where specimens were collected are indicated with colored circles at the tips of the phylogeny. (B) Phylogeny resulting from analysis of the dataset that includes 19,042 ddRAD loci. The DNA sequence alignments include data for at least 126 of the 168 sampled specimens (min126). (C) Phylogeny resulting from analysis of the dataset that includes 1,331 ddRAD loci. The DNA sequence alignments include data for at least 144 of the 168 sampled specimens (min144). See Data Accessibility for tree file. Composition.— There are 12 valid and distinct species of Artedidraconinae with three species of Artedidraco , two species of Neodraco , five species of Pogonophryne , Dolloidraco longedorsalis , and Histiodraco velifer . Eastman and Eakin (2021) list 27 species of Pogonophryne , but analysis of morphology and DNA sequences of ddRAD loci lead to the delimitation of only five described species in the clade ( Parker et al., 2021 ). Based on analyses of morphology and DNA sequences of ddRAD loci presented in this study, we recognized three species of Artedidraco . We treat Artedidraco glareobarbatus ( Eastman and Eakin, 1999 ) as a junior synonym of A. shackletoni ( Waite, 1911 ) . Pending additional morphological and molecular analyses, we suggest that the recognition of A. longibarbatus ( Eakin et al., 2015 ) as a distinct species is unwarranted.