First records of Ungla Navás (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from Venezuela, with descriptions of seven new species Author Sosa, Francisco text Zootaxa 2015 4018 2 176 200 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4018.2.2 0278da9d-e1e8-4d08-9030-3b0c9291f813 1175-5326 254146 E4A4D445-ECA2-49C1-A9FC-8FA91C2C9C41 Ungla nigromaculifrons sp. nov. ( Figures 16–18 ) FIGURE 16 . Ungla nigromaculifrons sp . nov . External features, holotype ♂. A) Head and pronotum, dorsal. B) Head and pronotum, lateral. C) Head, frontal. D) Wings. Note the narrow im, and the basal inner gradate not meeting Psm (arrow). bsx = basal subcostal crossvein; ig = inner gradates; im = intramedian cell; og = outer gradates; Psc = pseucocubitus; Psm = pseudomedia; Rs = radial sector. Holotype Male : VENEZUELA . Trujillo state : Boconó [ 9º14’N / 70º15’W , 1270 m ], 20.vii.1974 , F. Fernández. H [Hijo] & M. Gaiani Leg. Deposited in the MIZA . Diagnosis . This species has a yellow head with a round, black spot on the frons, forewings with most crossveins black, and hindwings with longitudinal veins pale green, marked with black at attachments with transverse veins. Description . Head . Golden yellow; vertex smooth, with pair of wide, dark reddish brown, crescent-shaped marks ( Fig. 16 A); frons with prominent, black, circular spot mesally; gena, basolateral margin of clypeus black. Maxillary, labial palpi black, with intersegmental areas golden yellow ( Fig. 16 B–C). Antenna ( Fig. 16 B–C): scape yellow, unmarked; pedicellus yellow, marked with black dorsolaterally; flagellum yellow, with pale bristles. Thorax . Olive green, with broad red-wine-colored stripe laterally; mesonotum, metanotum unmarked; pleural, sternal areas, legs pale green ( Fig. 16 A–B). Wings ( Fig. 16 D): Forewings with longitudinal veins pale green, marked with black at attachments with transverse veins; crossveins black, inner, outer gradates arranged in parallel series; basal inner gradate not meeting Psm; hindwing with longitudinal, transverse veins pale green, marked with black at attachments; gradate veins black. FIGURE 17 . Ungla nigromaculifrons sp . nov . Male abdomen, holotype. A) Ninth tergite and ectoproct, lateral. B) Fused sternite 8+9, ventral; C) Gonarcal complex, dorso-frontal. D) Gonarcal complex, lateral. E ) Gonarcal complex, frontal. ap-gs = lateral apodemes of gonarcus; ar = arcessus; cc = callus cerci; gs = gonarcus; gsac = gonosaccus; gst = gonosetae; h = horn of lateral apodeme of gonarcus. Abdomen . Dark green. Male terminalia : Only one male specimen, the holotype , was available, and much of its abdomen was lost. The following describes the parts that are associated with this specimen. T9+ect triangularshape, anterior margin rounded; callus cerci round, with ca. 30 trichobothria ( Fig. 17 A); S8+9 fused, with posterior margin slightly bilobed in ventral view ( Fig. 17 B). Male genitalia : Gonarcal bridge U-shaped; lateral apodemes ovate (lateral view), with bent, digitiform horn ( Fig.17 C–E); arcessus covered with dense black microtrichiae dorsally. Female terminalia ( Fig. 18 ): A1–8 with oval spiracles. T9+ect with posterior margin curved, with cleft beneath callus cerci; callus cerci round with ca. 30 trichobothria. S7 trapezoidal, slightly tapered distally, with dorsal margin sinuous; surface covered with dense, long setae; ratio of ventral margin length: anterior margin height ~ 2.4: 1. Spermatheca pillbox-shaped, ventral impression deep, spermathecal duct very long, ca. 3.9 times height of spermatheca and velum ( Fig. 18 C–D). Subgenitale rectangular, lobate dorsally, slightly extended basally ( Fig. 18 E). Measurements (n=1) . Head: width = 1.4 mm ; eye width = 0.4 mm ; Pronotum: length = 0.6 mm , width = 0.8 mm . Forewing: length = 12.8 mm , width = 4.5 mm , length/width ratio = 2.8:1; intramedian cell length = 0.8 mm ;maximum height of costal area = 0.9 mm ; five inner, seven outer gradates; hindwing: length = 11.2 mm , width = 3.6 mm , length/width ratio = 3: 1, five inner, six outer gradates. Other material examined . Paratype : VENEZUELA , Mérida state , Méria city [ 8º37’N / 71º08’W , 1825 m ], 20.vii.2010 , F. Sosa & F. Díaz, Leg.( MJMO ). Táchira state , El Zumbador, 2600 m , 25.ix.1966 , 1♀, C. J. Rosales & J. Salcedo, Leg. ( MIZA ). Known geographical distribution . Venezuela (states of Mérida, Táchira, and Trujillo). Species relationship . U. nigromaculifrons sp . nov . is similar to U. favrei sp . nov . Both species have head with golden coloration, genae and basolateral clypeus black; vertex with a pair of broad, cresent- shaped, brown marks, and pronotum with dark brown or reddish brown lateral marks, but U. nigromaculifrons sp . nov . , has a prominent circular black mark on the frons and a forewing with most of its crossveings black, whereas in U . favrei , the face has red marks laterally, the frons has a small black spot, and most of crossveins on the forewing are pale. Etymology . The name comes from the Latin words: nigro = black, maculi = spot, and frons = face; it refers to the rounded black spot on the frons.