Agrotis Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae): a systematic analysis of South American species Author Blas, Germán San text Zootaxa 2014 3771 1 1 64 journal article 36891 10.11646/zootaxa.3771.1.1 9f2ddd99-87fb-478b-938c-99e60937a1b7 1175-5326 285634 7C4129A9-DE4F-4CAE-AD88-EE14195A3E64 Agrotis edmondsi Butler, 1882 ( Figs 22–25 , 54 , 72 , 85 , 102 ) Agrotis edmondsi Butler, 1882 : 131 ; Parra et al. , 1986 : 88 –89, figs 34, 74–76 (diagnosis and male genitalia); Poole, 1989 : 47 (world noctuid checklist); Velasquez Medina, 1990 : 28 –30, figs 14, 18–20 (redescription); Angulo, 1994 : 56 , 60, 61, figs 3, 4 (female genitalia); Artigas, 1994 : 563 –564, pl. 27, fig. 5 (diagnosis, life cycle, biological control, damages, hosts, economic importance, distribution, and international implications); Angulo & Olivares, 2005 : 35 (redescription). Lectotype : ♂ Chile [Valdivia February according to original publication] (Edmonds) (BMNH). Present designation. Image examined. Paralectotype : ♀ Chile [Valdivia February according to original publication] (Edmonds) (BMNH). Not examined. Present designation. Euxoa edmondsi (Butler) : Hampson, 1903 : pl. 60, fig. 18 (diagnosis); Köhler, 1945 : 82 , fig. 8-c (male genitalia). Scotia edmondsi (Butler) : Köhler, 1967 : 302 , figs 31, 33 (new combination). Scotia araucaria auct . non. Hampson, 1903 : Köhler, 1967 : figs 30, 32 (misidentification). Diagnosis. Agrotis edmondsi differs from other South American species of Agrotis by the following combination of characters: 1) patagium darker than thorax and tegulum lighter than thorax; 2) forewing claviform spot wide; 3) reniform spot contiguous with postmedial line, otherwise, with a streak to postmedial line between M1–M2 veins; 4) in male genitalia vesica with right basal diverticulum and basal spined band present; 5) in female genitalia corpus bursae 6 × as long as anterior apophysis, and 6) signum absent. FIGURES 7–15. Adults of Agrotis species, edmondsi -group. 7, A. steniptera , ♂. 8, A. propriens , ♂. 9, A. bistrigata , ♂. 10, A. bistrigata , ♀. 11, A. dispar , ♂. 12, A. dispar , ♀. 13, A. peruviana , ♂. 14, A. elegans , ♂. 15, A. elegans , ♀. Actual size. FIGURES 16–23. Adults of Agrotis species, edmondsi -group. 16, A. benitezi , holotype, ♂. 17, A. benitezi , allotype, ♀. 18–19, A. leonoides , ♂. 20–21, A. leonoides , ♀. 22–23, A. edmondsi , ♂. Actual size. FIGURES 24–27. Adults of Agrotis species, edmondsi -group. 24–25, A. edmondsi , ♀. 26, A. leucovenata , ♂. 27, A. leucovenata , ♀. Actual size. Redescription. Male ( Figs 22, 23 ). Head . Palpus whitish ventrally; frons central projection small, with raised edge of rough surface, not projected anteriorly into a point. Antenna basal 2/3 bipectinate, widest at 1/5 its length, gradually tapering to apex, widest segment 3 × as wide as central shaft, anterior process 1–3 × as wide as posterior process. Thorax . Patagium slightly darker than thorax, with black basal, medial, and submarginal lines; tegulum slightly lighter than thorax, with black basal and marginal lines, the former undifferentiated in some specimens. Forewing length 12.3–16.9 mm; ground color whitish gray to grayish brown; veins undifferentiated; subcostal band undifferentiated; basal area diffuse gray in some specimens; basal line black, double, convex between veins; antemedial line black, double, basal margin diffuse, convex between veins, strongly extended as a sharp tooth between 1A+2A vein and posterior margin, coming near to medial line; claviform spot wide, dark grayish brown and black edged; orbicular spot variable in size, strongly oval, extending toward reniform spot, contiguous in some specimens, concolorous with forewing ground color, black edged with grayish center; reniform spot concolorous with orbicular spot, in some specimens contiguous with postmedial line, when not contiguous, distal margin has a streak extending between M1–M2 veins to postmedial line; discal cell concolorous with ground color, with a black streak of variable width joining both spots; medial line faint, as a dark thick waved band; postmedial line black, single, concave between veins, distally edged by a light brown shade; subterminal line light brown and black edged, concave between veins, extended basally as arrows, longest one between M1–M2 veins, in some specimens joining with reniform streak like one continuous line; terminal line a series of darkish lunulae between veins; fringe lighter than forewing ground color. Hind wing iridescent; fringe iridescent. Abdomen . Concolorous with forewing ground color. Genitalia ( Fig. 54 ). Clavus barely differentiated as an area of piliform setae. Ampulla 1/5 × as long as valve, basal 1/3 expanded, then narrowed to 1/3 its widest diameter; saccus subtriangular. Vesica ( Fig. 72 ) 6 × as long as aedeagus, consisting of 1 1/2 wide loop, right basal diverticulum subtriangular, basal spined band present, vesica gradually swollen on apical 1/3. Female ( Figs 24, 25 ). Differences from male. Forewing length: 15.5–19.2 mm; antenna filiform; forewing ground color darker than male; fringe light brown; hind wing from iridescent to diffuse brown. Genitalia ( Fig. 85 ). Posterior apophysis 1.7 × as long as anterior apophysis; ductus bursae 3 × as long as anterior apophysis; corpus bursae 6 × as long as anterior apophysis, signum absent, apex subtriangular; appendix bursae 4 × as long as corpus bursae, consisting of 1 1/2 wide loop, apex globose; ductus seminalis originating laterally very close to corpus bursae apex. Remarks. In Köhler (1967) figures 31 and 33 of Scotia edmondsi (= Agrotis edmondsi ) are correct, but figures 30 and 32 of Scotia araucaria (= Agrotis araucaria ) correspond to light specimens of Agrotis edmondsi . Distribution. Restricted to Argentinean and Chilean Patagonia ( Fig. 102 ). Material examined. ( 141 ♂ , 105 ♀). ARGENTINA : Chubut. El Bolsón, Lago Puelo, 220m , 2 ♂ 18-XI-1978 (Misión Científica Danesa) ( ZMC ), ♂ 21-XI-1978 (Misión Científica Danesa) (IADIZA); Esquel, 574m , ♂ 8-I- 1960 ( IMLA ); Lago Puelo, 205m , ♀ 16-II-1982 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA); Sierra Negra, 850m , ♂ 14-II-1982 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA); Trevelin, 475m , ♀ 13-II-1982 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA). Neuquén. Aeropuerto Chapelco, 780m , 3 ♂ 6 ♀ 19-XI-1981 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), 7 ♂ ♀ 27-XI-1981 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), 2 ♂ ♀ 30- XI-1981 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), 2 ♂ ♀ 1-XII-1981 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), 4 ♂ 2-XII-1981 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), 3 ♂ ♀ 6-XII-1981 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), 5 ♂ 8-XII-1981 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), 4 ♂ ♀ 9-XII-1981 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♀ 10-XII-1981 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), 2 ♀ 15-XII-1981 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♂ 23-XII-1981 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♀ 26-XII-1981 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♀ 28- XII-1981 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♀ 30-XII-1981 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), 3 ♀ 14-II-1988 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA); Aguada Florencio, 870m , ♀ 17-XII-1982 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA); Aluminé, 900m , ♀ 4-XII-1971 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); Bajada Los Molles, 920m , 7 ♂ 26-XI-1961 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); Bajada Marucho, 870m , ♀ 19-IV-1972 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♂ 14-I-1980 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♀ 24-III-1981 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), 6 ♀ 27-X-1981 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); Catan Lil, Puesto la Bañadera, 900m , ♀ 11-XII-1972 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); Catan Lil, Salitral, 1050m , ♂ 24-XII-1972 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); Confluencia Traful, 690m , ♂ 15-XI-1964 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♀ 18-XI-1968 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), 8 ♂ 2 ♀ 4-III-1975 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♀ 17-II-1982 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA); Cordón Chapelco - Arroyo Chapelco Grande, 900m , ♀ 15- III-1979 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); Covunco – Usina, 825m , 3 ♂ 4 ♀ 29-X-1962 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♂ 19-XII- 1963 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); Cuyín Manzano, 750m , ♂ 2 ♀ 5-III-1975 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); Estancia Alicura, 650m , 3 ♂ 2 ♀ 20-III-1972 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); Estancia Chacabuco, 650m , ♂ 11-XI-1969 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); Estancia Chacayal, 675m , 2 ♀ 26-XI-1968 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); Lago Tromen, Rodeo Grande, 900m , ♂ 30-XII-1978 (Misión Científica Danesa) ( ZMC ); Las Lagunas Epulafquen, Campamento, 1350m , ♂ 8-I- 1989 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA); Loncopué, 1000m , ♂ 5-XI-1959 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), 3 ♂ 14-XI-1959 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); Moquehue, 1200m , 2 ♂ 10-II-1978 (H. Giganti) (IADIZA); P. Leufu – Meriño, 1100m , ♂ 13- XI-1973 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); Paso Córdoba, 1200–1300m , 10 ♂ 3 ♀ 20-II-1980 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♀ 12- III-1982 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA); Piedra del Águila, 525m , 2 ♂ ♀ 5-XI-1966 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), 2 ♀ 23- XII-1978 (Misión Científica Danesa) ( ZMC ), ♂ 22-XI-1990 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA); Quilquihue, 750m , ♀ 8- III-1980 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), 5 ♀ 7-XII-1980 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), 2 ♀ 12-XII-1980 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), 3 ♀ 28-III-1981 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), 3 ♀ 15-XI-1981 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♀ 16-XI-1981 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), 2 ♀ 18-XI-1981 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), 3 ♀ 6-XII-1982 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), 2 ♀ 21-III-1983 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♀ 23-IV-1983 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA), Río Aluminé, 1000m , ♂ 21- XII-1984 (M. y P. Gentili) (IADIZA); Río Aluminé, Pulmarí, 925m , ♀ 27-II-1978 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); Rio Limay, Arroyito, ♂ 17-XI-1978 (Misión Científica Danesa) ( CNC ); Rio Limay, Confluencia, 2 ♂ ♀ 3-III-1978 (C.M & O .S. Flint, Jr.) ( USNM ); Rio Litrán, 9 km N. Lago Aluminé, 1200m , ♂ 3-II-1987 (C.M & O .S. Flint, Jr.) ( USNM ); San Martin de los Andes - Estancia Tipiliuke, ♂ 25-XI-1959 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), 4 ♂ ♀ 6-III-1960 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♂ ♀ 13-XI-1962 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♂ ♀ 17-XI-1965 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); San Martín de los Andes, 647m , ♂ II-1957 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♂ ♀ III-1957 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♂ XII-1957 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♀ 24-XI-1957 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♂ 4-I-1958 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), 2 ♂ 11-II-1958 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♂ 21-II-1958 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♂ 10-III-1958 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), 2 ♂ 11-X- 1958 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♀ 30-XI-1958 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♂ 7-XII-1958 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♀ 18- XII-1958 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♂ 31-I-1959 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♀ 14-II-1959 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♀ 5- III-1959 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♀ 20-III-1959 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♀ 14-XI-1959 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♀ 7-III-1960 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♂ 1-IV-1961 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), ♂ 2-II-1968 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA), 2 ♂ ♀ 20-III-1978 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); Trocoquén, 1500m , 2 ♂ 4-IV-1969 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); Varvarco, 1200m , ♂ 2 ♀ 12-XI-1968 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); Zapala, 1012m , ♂ 27-XI-1961 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); 4 ♂ ♀ 6-IV-1968 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA); Zapala, Los Catutos, 1048m , ♀ XII-1961 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA). Río Negro. Lamarque, 130m , ♀ XII-1959 (Fritz) (IADIZA); Paso Flores - Pto. (117), 600m , ♂ ♀ 12-XI-1987 (M. y P. Gentili) ( USNM ); Paso Flores , 570m , ♂ 19-XII-1959 (M. Gentili) (IADIZA). Santa Cruz. Punta Bandera - Lago Argentino , 185m , ♀ I-1962 ( IMLA ), 2 ♂ I-1963 ( IMLA ); ♀ I-1963 (Margh.) (IADIZA); El Chaltén, Estancia Ricanor, 4 ♂ 23- I-2007 (GSB & A. Srur) (IADIZA). CHILE . Region IV, Coquimbo. Coquimbo, Canela baja, ♂ 23-X-1961 (L. Peña) ( CNC ). Region V, Valparaíso. Aconcagua, Lo Molles, ca. 10 km S. Pichidangui, 25m , ♀ 15–17-XI-1981 (D. & M. Davis) ( USNM ). Region VII, Maule. Constitución, ♂ 20-XI-1953 (L. E. Peña) ( CNC ); Talca, Laguna del Maule, La Mina, 1000m , 2 ♂ ♀ 24-III-1979 (Misión Científica Danesa) ( CNC ). Region IX, Araucanía. Angol , ♂ 25-III-1925 (E.S. Bulock) ( USNM ); Cautín, 3km NE Tolten, 3m , ♂ 26-II-1979 (D. & M. Davis & B. Akebergs) ( USNM ); Cautín, Fundo el Coigue, 500 mtrs 27 km NE Villarrica, ♂ 28-II-3-III-1979 (D. & M. Davis & B. Akebergs) ( USNM ); Cautín, Vol. Villarrica, 1090m , ♀ 25-I-1978 (C.M & O .S. Flint, Jr.) ( USNM ); Malleco, Cord. de las Raíces, 40 km E Curacautín, 1650m , 2 ♂ ♀ 7–8-II-1979 (D.M. Davis & B. Akebergs) ( USNM ); Pehuenco, ♂ (L. Peña) ( CNC ). Region X, Los Lagos. Maullín, ♂ X-1942 (L. Peña) ( CNC ); Palena, Camping Arrayanes, 5km NW Chaitén, ♂ 21-I-1987 (C.M & O .S. Flint, Jr.) ( USNM ).