Five new species of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Tetragnatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in South America, with a key to the species from Argentina and Brazil Author Castanheira, Pedro de Souza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-1622 Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia & Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 - 902, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil pedrocastanheira.bio@gmail.com Author Baptista, Renner Luiz Cerqueira https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2372-5034 Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 - 902, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Author Oliveira, Francisca Samia Martins Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 - 902, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil text Evolutionary Systematics 2022 2022-10-21 6 2 175 210 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.91418 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.91418 2535-0730-2-175 34F513BA207A4A4B952120F9F3BE046C 16C7BE0236B45BAA847AF82C613E4244 Tetragnatha sternalis Nicolet, 1849 nomen dubium Tetragnatha sternalis Nicolet 1849 : 519 (female). Type-material. Tetragnatha sternalis : Adult males and females syntypes from several localities in Chile, especially females from Llanquihue province, Nicolet? Coll., MNHN?, presumed lost . Remarks. In the same book in which Nicolet (1849) misidentified T. nitens specimens as T. extensa and described T. labialis , he also described three other Tetragnatha from Chile: T. linearis Nicolet, 1849, T. similis Nicolet, 1849 and T. sternalis Nicolet, 1849. From these, only T. similis was accompanied by drawings, illustrating the dorsal habitus and eyes of an apparently immature male specimen, but they are not useful to correctly identify the species (see Nicolet 1849 ; plate 4, fig. 6). Also, as stated above, Nicolet's description were succinct and without precise details on chelicerae and genital morphology to allow species identifications. Sixteen years later, Keyserling (1865) provided good illustrations for specimens from Nova Granada (current Colombia) he identified as T. linearis (see Keyserling 1865 ; plate 21, fig. 23) and T. similis (see Keyserling 1865 ; plate 20, figs 21-23). However, Keyserling (page 835) pointed out that the species described in works of Walckenaer, Nicolet, Hentz etc. cannot be determined with certainty, since the descriptions have not included enough characters to provide reliable clues for determining the species. He added that he preferred to apply the old names given by those authors rather than to propose possible superfluous new names to species that could be identical to the old ones. According to his drawings, T. similis sensu Keyserling looks very similar to T. laboriosa and T. linearis sensu Keyserling looks like T. guatemalensis . However, we could not confirm the identity of these specimens as we were not able to find the type-material for these species in MNHN, the same institution housing T. labialis . We consider Tetragnatha linearis , Tetragnatha similis , and Tetragnatha sternalis nomina dubia .